The words we use matter. The concept of a social norm exists in many social and behavioral science disciplines and research traditions (1). Because the general term “social norm” is a hypernym, an explicit definition is crucial to discussions of its place and usefulness in solving complex social–environmental issues (cf. ref. 2). In their discussion of incentives, Lubchenco et al. (3) suggest t...

BACKGROUND An exclusive focus on individual or family coping strategies may be inadequate for people whose major point of concern may be collective healing on a more communal level. METHODS To our knowledge, the current study is the first to make use of ethnographic fieldwork methods to investigate this type of coping as a process in a natural setting over time. Participant observation was em...

this article seeks to identify and classify the micro factors affecting the implementation of poverty reduction policy in iran. the existence and spread of poverty in society, in spite of the existent policy programs is the sign of some weaknesses in the executive models of policy. policy making in the field of poverty reduction theoretically is classified into several categories different fact...

objective: this study aimed to evaluate the non-compliance rate in patients with bipolar i disorder (bid). methods: the patients admitted to iran psychiatric hospital who were diagnosed as a case of the first episode mania of bipolar i disorder (dsm-iv-tr) by 2 psychiatrists followed by one of them in a longitudinal, prospective and naturalistic study. in the follow-up early non-compliance/irre...

In contrast to individual tasks, a specific social setting is created when two partners work together on a task. How does such a social setting affect memory for task-related information? We addressed this issue in a distributed joint-action paradigm, where two team partners respond to different types of information within the same task. Previous work has shown that joint action in such a task ...

Although mobile learning is a popular topic in current research, it is not well conceptualised. Many researchers rely on under-theorised conceptions of the topic, and those who have tried to refine the ideas involved have found this to be complex and difficult. In this paper, a new interpretation of the concept of ‘mobile learning’ is offered, drawing on the tradition of activity theory. The in...

In interpersonal encounters, individuals often exhibit changes in their own facial expressions in response to emotional expressions of another person. Such changes are often called facial mimicry. While this tendency first appeared to be an automatic tendency of the perceiver to show the same emotional expression as the sender, evidence is now accumulating that situation, person, and relationsh...