this paper examines the relationship between growth and poverty in iran during the first five-year plan. in other words, effort has been made to show whether economic growth in iran helped poor people or not. for this purpose the concept of pro poor growth has been analyzed with application to the economy of iran, both in urban and rural areas and in the country as a whole. we use an indicator ...

The underlying structural causes of state weakness in sub-Saharan Africa – relatively low population densities, problematic population distribution and poor infrastructure will remain ubiquitous through 2015 and beyond, impeding the prospects of significant gains in broad based institution building and development. Much will depend upon two external drivers of development and growth – foreign d...

In this study, effects of pH and salinity on growth and bloom of Dunaliella sp. algae were investigated. The algae were reared in different pH (6.0, 6.8, 7.0, 7.3, 7.6, 8.0, 8.6, 9.0, 9.7 and 11.0) and salinities (20.0, 31.6, 50.1, 79.4, 117.1, 125.9 and 200.0 ppt) at Inland Aquaculture Research Institute Phycolab during 2011. After 96 h, the algae reared in 50ppt salinity and below that had ne...

China has made remarkable progress in its war against poverty since the launching of economic reform in the late 1970s. This paper examines some of the major driving forces of poverty reduction in China. Based on time series and cross-sectional provincial data, the determinants of rural poverty incidence are estimated. The results show that economic growth is an essential and necessary conditio...

this study analyzes the contribution of the sectoral total factor productivity growth (tfpg) and the input's growth to the iran's economy sectors growth during 1345 -1383. the major findings show that the average contribution of tfp growth to non-oil output's growth during first, second and third development plans has been 39.5%, 12.2% and 24.8% respectively, amounting to (as est...