this study analyzed the performance of cabbage marketing in abia state, nigeria. specifically the study sought to: describe socio-economic characteristics of cabbage marketers; identify marketing channels of cabbage; determine marketing cost components of cabbage marketers; determine marketing margins, market share and marketing efficiency of cabbage marketers; and determine socio-economic fact...

We outline initial concepts for an immune inspired algorithm to evaluate and predict oil price time series data. The proposed solution evolves a short term pool of trackers dynamically, with each member attempting to map trends and anticipate future price movements. Successful trackers feed into a long term memory pool that can generalise across repeating trend patterns. The resulting sequence ...

Forward contracts play a vital role in all electricity markets, and yet the details of the market for forward contracts are often opaque. In this paper we review the existing literature on forward contracts and explore the contracting process as it operates in Australia. The paper is based on interviews with participants in Australia’s National Electricity Market. The interviews were designed t...

The Introduction lays out some background and issues that motivate the subsequent discussion. The following sections consider the general architecture of wholesale markets for electricity. The first examines the choice among forms of organization, such as bilateral contracting or multilateral trading, and in the latter, the choice between a market-clearing exchange or a tight pool with centrall...

Consider a group of Bayesians, each with a subjective probability distribution over a set of uncertain events. An opinion pool derives a single consensus distribution over the events, representative of the group as a whole. Several pooling functions have been proposed, each sensible under particular assumptions or measures. Many researchers over many years have failed to form a consensus on whi...

Patent pools are cooperative agreements between two or more firms to license their related patents as a bundle. In a continuous-time model of multi-stage innovations we characterize firms’ incentives to perform R&D when they anticipate the possibility of starting a pool of complementary patents, which can be essential or nonessential. A coalition formation protocol leads the first innovators to...

This paper simulates a pool-based electricity market and identifies equilibrium patterns. A multiperiod framework that requires the use of continuous and binary variables is considered. Producers can be either price-takers or price-makers, although price-makers and their behavior characterize the market. The elasticity of the loads is modeled through piecewise constant pricedemand curves. The m...

We show uniform, linear prices in power exchange markets, such as in the Amsterdam Power Exchange (APX) DayAhead market or the Nord Pool Elspot market, that allow nonconvex, “fill or kill” block bids by market participants may not result in an equilibrium in an economic sense, nor do they maximize surplus to market participants. We propose, as an alternative, a multi-part, discriminatory pricin...

The electricity market has changed rapidly in the Northern European countries. Harmonisation of the legislation and trading methods widens the market area outside national limits. Vertical integration among electricity companies is changing the traditional structure of the inner market. Successful business in this new, more volatile market requires sophisticated techniques for identifying new m...

This study analyzed the performance of cabbage marketing in Abia State, Nigeria. Specifically the study sought to: describe socio-economic characteristics of cabbage marketers; identify marketing channels of cabbage; determine marketing cost components of cabbage marketers; determine marketing margins, market share and marketing efficiency of cabbage marketers; and determine socio-economic fact...