We characterized use of the carbapenems, polymyxins, and tigecycline in United States children's hospitals between 2010 and 2014. We found substantial variability in use across hospitals and overall decreased use over time. Most polymyxin and tigecycline use occurred in cystic fibrosis patients, and appendectomy was a common indication for carbapenem therapy.

BACKGROUND The intravenous use of polymyxins has been considered to be associated with considerable nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. For this reason, the systemic administration of polymyxins had been abandoned for about 20 years in most areas of the world. However, the problem of infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria such us Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacte...

Polymyxins (polymyxin B and colistin) are older bactericidal antibiotics that are increasingly used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. However, dosing and clinical use of these drugs vary widely. This survey was undertaken to reveal how polymyxins are used worldwide. Data were collected through a structured online questionnaire consisting of 24 quest...

Polymyxin, Colistin, Disk diffusion, E-test, MDR, XDR Background: The widespread multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (GNB)has necessitated the evaluation of the use of older antimicrobials such as polymyxins being the last resort drugs for the treatment of life-threatening nosocomial infections. Objectives: We conducted the present study to evaluate simple disk diffusion method (the routi...

background and objectives: the prevalence of multidrug resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main reason of new drugs resurgence such as colistin. the main objectives of this study were to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and the rate of colistin resistance along with its correlation with overexpression of mexab-oprm and mexxy-oprm efflux pumps among p. aeruginosa isolates. materia...

In a recent article, Garonzik et al. (4) importantly advanced our knowledge of the pharmacokinetics (PK) of colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) and the active drug that it forms, colistin. In their elegant population PK study of critically ill patients, the authors demonstrated that creatinine clearance (CLCR) significantly affects the total body clearance of CMS and colistin (4). It is important t...

antimicrobial resistance is one of the most severe threats to human health. the first report of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in escherichia coli from animals, food, and humans was in 2015 from china. the current increasing trend of resistance is extremely troubling because polymyxins are the last-resort antibiotics for treating infections with carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae.