foam injection is becoming a standard conditioning agent when tunnelling with an earth-pressure balanced shield, resulting in an increasing interest in this technique. the technique is mostly based on empirical rules and experience. to be able to determine what foam and how may foam has to be injected for different soils, it is necessary to know the mechanical parameters of the foam-water-soil ...

Open-celled foams are three-dimensional networks of polymeric cells. The mechanical properties of a foam depend on the size and geometry of its cells. Since foams have a three-dimensional polyhedral structure, the two-dimensional characterization techniques currently used provide limited accuracy. Nuclear magnetic resonance and x-ray tomography methods offer opportunities for three-dimensional ...

Polymeric foams are a key element of many multifunctional sandwich structures. The most commonly used polymeric foam, polyurethane, presents environmental drawbacks, related to poor recyclability and the use toxic diisocyanates for their manufacturing. separation layers in structures is further unresolved hurdle toward these elements. There need broadening spectrum foams. In this context, foama...

Foam injection is becoming a standard conditioning agent when tunnelling with an earth-pressure balanced shield, resulting in an increasing interest in this technique. The technique is mostly based on empirical rules and experience. To be able to determine what foam and how may foam has to be injected for different soils, it is necessary to know the mechanical parameters of the foam-water-soil ...

Application of foam in EOR, increases macroscopic sweep efficiency via awesome increscent of mobility control. Macroscopic manifestation of foam application performance in porous media is complex process that involves several interacting microscopic foam events. Stability as an important factor in foam injection within large reservoirs, depends on several variables including oil saturation, con...

The objective of this research is to develop soy-based polyurethane (PU) foam product reinforced with carbon nanotubes. The shortage of petroleum and the increasing concern on environmental issues have resulted in an interest in using renewable substances as building blocks for polymer applications. Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) was used in this study to reinforce the soy-based polyuretha...

Polymer foams are difficult to characterise due rapidly evolving physical features from liquid porous solid. Swift changes in volume, porosity and moduli render many techniques challenging for the characterisation of foam curing during a manufacturing process. A technique that employs longitudinal speed sound an ultrasonic signal, informed by thermokinetic model, is proposed as situ, in-line, n...