Two lignan sulfates, a stilbene derivative and a phenol sulfate, together with 10 known compounds, were isolated from an aqueous extract of the root of Polygonum cuspidatum. The new compounds were elucidated based on chemical evidence and spectroscopic techniques including two-dimensional NMR methods. They exhibited no inhibition of lipid peroxidation and no cytotoxic and DNA cleavage activities.

– The achene morphology of 20 taxa in five sections of Polygonum s.l. from Thailand was studied and compared in detail using stereoscopic light and scanning electron microscopy. The achene of all Thai taxa is typically lenticular or triangular in shape. Three different morphological types are described according to the features of the achene surface; smooth-undulate, a star-like form and reticu...

This paper investigates the effects of parental environment and genotype on offspring provisioning, structure, and growth traits in the annual plant Polygonum persicaria. Replicate offspring were studied from cloned individuals of five parental genotypes grown in high vs. low light, soil moisture, and soil nutrients. Genotypic norms of reaction were determined for ecologically important offspri...

In this study the phenolic compounds piceid, resveratrol and emodin were extracted from P. cuspidatum roots using ultrasound-assisted extraction. Multiple response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of these phenolic compounds. A three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to evaluate the effects of the operation parameters, includin...

In this study, the relationship among four species of Polygonum (including P. hyrcanicum (three samples), P. persicaria, P. avicular, and P. hydropiper) was investigated by GC profiling. Furthermore, the major compounds of the ethylic ether extract of P. hyrcanicum were identified by GC/MS as: -bisabolol (17.5%), cedrol (15.9%), sesquisabinene hydrate (13.0%), -elemol (10.5%) and trans-longipin...

BACKGROUND Exercise can lead to acute oxidative stress, which can result in oxidative damage and induce inflammation. Resveratrol may reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, we investigated the effects of this compound on the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in male professional basketball players. METHODS Twenty healthy male professional ba...

Hydrothermal extraction is known as a natural and green way for antioxidant compounds extraction. Antioxidant compounds from the roots of traditional Chinese medicinal herb Polygonum cuspidatum (P. cuspidatum) has been extracted at hydrothermal conditions. The antioxidant compounds were identified as polyphenolic compounds of resveratrol, rutin and quercetin. The effect of temperatures on the e...

Stressful parental (usually maternal) environments can dramatically influence expression of traits in offspring, in some cases resulting in phenotypes that are adaptive to the inducing stress. The ecological and evolutionary impact of such transgenerational plasticity depends on both its persistence across generations and its adaptive value. Few studies have examined both aspects of transgenera...

By definition, a dormant vegetative bud is viable but it fails to grow when subjected to environmental conditions normally favorable for growth. An understanding of the biochemistry of dormant and active buds is needed to serve as a basis for solving the problem of artificially breaking or inducing bud dormancy. The present study was conducted with the aim of adding to existing knowledge concer...

Functional variability (FV) of populations can be decomposed into three main features: the individual variability of multiple traits, the strength of correlations between those traits and the main direction of these correlations, the latter two being known as 'phenotypic integration'. Evolutionary biology has long recognized that FV in natural populations is key to determining potential evoluti...