The in vitro effect of polybrominated biphenyls (FireMaster BP-6) on adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] activity in plasma membranes of rat lung alveoli was determined. Two fractions of plasma membranes, PM-I (approximate d = 1.13 g/cm3) and PM-II (approximate d = 1.16 g/cm3) were isolated under hypotonic homogenization and fractionation conditions (1mM NaHCO3, ...

Granular activated carbon (GAC), in the presence of dilute aqueous hypochlorite solutions typical of those used in water treatment, was converted to a reagent capable of carrying out free-radical coupling reactions and other oxidations of dilute aqueous solutions of phenols. The products included biphenyls with chlorine and hydroxyl substitution (hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls). For exa...

A series of hexa- and octasubstituted biphenyls containing halogen, amino, nitro, and propylthio substituents were prepared by metal-mediated convergent synthesis from halobenzene precursors. The Pd-assisted C-C coupling methods were ineffective in the formation of the Ar-Ar bond except for the synthesis of 1b. All tetra-ortho-substituted biphenyls were prepared via Ullmann coupling reactions. ...

• Transformers and capacitors • Other electrical equipment including voltage regulators, switches, reclosers, bushings, and electromagnets • Oil used in motors and hydraulic systems • Old electrical devices or appliances containing PCB capacitors • Fluorescent light ballasts • Cable insulation • Thermal insulation material including fiberglass, felt, foam, and cork • Adhesives and tapes • Oilba...

nical mixtures found in the formulation and the measurements made on the basis of calibration with these mixtures. Chlorobiphenyl (CB) refers to the individual congener named by the Ballschmiter number. TEQs refer to the sum of the concentration of the congener equivalent to 2, 3, 7, 8 TCDD obtained by using the toxic equivalence factor for each PCB. POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS: GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

rd HJ. Reverse dosimetry: interpreting trihalomethanes biomonitoring data using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. Use of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to identify exposures consistent with human biomonitoring data for chloroform. et al. Bladder cancer and exposure to water disinfection by-products through ingestion, bathing, showering, and swimming in pools. AD. Th...

Depending on the degree of chlorination of the PCBs, their physico-chemical properties, like inflammability or electric conductivity, brought about a wide field of application. Thus, PCBs have been used as electric fluids in transformers and capacitors, as pesticide extenders, adhesives, dedusting agents, cutting oils, flame retardants, heat transfer fluids, hydraulic lubricants, sealants, pain...

Polychlorinated biphenyls, synthetic hydrocarbon compounds once used as hydraulic fluids and lubricants in electrical transformers and capacitors, are among the most ubiquitous and persistent environmental contaminants. Although banned in most Western nations since the 1970s, substantial residues of these compounds persist in air, water, soil, and sediment world wide (Swain, ’83) and can be det...

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of chemicals that contain 209 individual compounds (known as congeners) with varying harmful effects. Information on specific congener toxicity is very limited. Most toxicity testing has been done on specific commercial mixtures; however, PCB mixtures found in the environment will differ in composition from the commercial mixtures because of partitio...