In this lecture I discuss the development of the social divisions in Western Europe and their translation into politics. I successively take up the three aspects embraced by the notion of ‘cleavages’ – their structural base, the political values of the groups involved, and their political articulation. My main argument is that the decline of traditional cleavages does not necessarily signify th...

Political participation is one of the important pillars of any country's development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between social values ​​and political participation of Behbahan youth. For this purpose, the theories of Schwartz, Inglehart and Milbrath were used as a theoretical framework. The research method is survey. The sampling method is multi-stage cluster ...

According to sociologists, socialization is defined as coordination of an individual with social values, norms and insights. Political socialization is one of the fundamental and important concepts in the social science, today. Political socialization is a process through which an individual gets acquainted with his responsibilities, rights and political roles in the society. During this proces...

In this paper we model political risk for international capital budgeting as the value of a hypothetical insurance policy that pays the holder any and all losses arising from political events. We address three important aspects of political risk that are widely acknowledged in the literature but either missing or incomplete in existing mathematical models: 1) loss causing political events arise...

This chapter argues that the value of political equality implies proportionality in an electoral system. The literature on electoral systems and democratic theory has been remarkably agnostic about how basic values may be translated into institutions. Dahl (1956) constructs an axiomatic theory of democracy based on the idea of political equality but then declares it has little to say about prac...

This paper studies the value anomaly in the context of Malaysia, an emerging economy with a top heavy, closely held, and state-owned institutional setting. We attribute the anomaly to the investment pattern of growth firms. Our empirical analysis illustrates that growth firms have a tendency to hoard cash, delaying the undertaking of their growth options, especially in poor economic environment...

It is a given that Africa is at present embroiled in leadership throes. This leadership dilemma casts a long shadow of disempowerment on the continent to develop politically as well as limits the continent to effectively co-create value and wealth. This is inextricably linked to the continent’s political leadership that is ad nauseam exclusive of the people. This is therefore a colossal impedim...

People are often inconsistent in the way they apply their values to their political beliefs (e.g., citing the value of life in opposing capital punishment while simultaneously supporting abortion rights). How do people confront such inconsistencies? Liberals were more likely to say that issues that could draw on several competing values were complex issues that required value tradeoffs, whereas...

Article history: Received 7 August 2014 Received in revised form 20 June 2015 Accepted 29 June 2015 Available online 9 July 2015 This study investigates whether a firm with strong corporate governance (CG) requires political connections (PCs), that is, we examine whether CG and PC substitute for or complement each other. Using 71,069 individual bank loan contracts from Taiwan, we examine how lo...

If negotiations about value are essentially political (Graeber 2001:115), our understanding of past political systems is illuminated by an understanding of how and through what processes value is attributed to objects in a particular context. We cannot examine this “object value” through a focus on only one attribute or set of attributes, such as scarcity of raw material or labor investment, bu...