In the United States, much social and environmental legislation required of nonfarm firms has eluded the farming industry. For the most part, the US government has used the “carrot” of payments rather than the “stick” of regulation to correct externalities in farming. Agriculture also has received large income transfers and favorable tax treatment to save family farms. The nation might have bee...

The notion of political consumption has two implications: First, consumers wield some kind of power that they can use to effect social change through the marketplace. Second, political consumption refers to and somehow combines the rationalities of two subsystems, politics and the economy. Yet regarding their everyday, highly individualized shopping decisions, consumers do not appear to command...

the political crisis in lebanon during the past three years has remained one of the critical issues in the regional and international scenes. this article attempts to examine the short-term and long-term causes of the political crisis in lebanon. it proposes that demographic changes in favor of the shias, increased power of hezbollah, the multi-ethnic structure of lebanese society, the type of ...

English for Specific Academic Purposes (ESAP) uses the results of needs analysis for curriculum development and materials production. ESAP courses should be based on students’ academic needs. Consequently, the present study investigated the English language needs of Iranian undergraduate students of Law. Participants included 218 undergraduate students, 33 graduate students, and 10 content teac...

The authors estimate the responsiveness of aid to recipient countries’ economic and physical needs, civil/political rights, and government effectiveness. They look exclusively at the postCold War era and use fixed effects to control for the political, strategic, and other considerations of donors. They find that aid and per capita income have been negatively related, while aid has been positive...

The recognition of biological differences as an important explanatory and predictive element in political behavior has created the need to integrate various models from a variety of fields into a more cohesive theoretical framework. The ostensibly perplexing coexistence of individual differences in the face of universal human design needs to be reconciled. Here we introduce evolution as a theor...

Article history: Received 7 August 2014 Received in revised form 20 June 2015 Accepted 29 June 2015 Available online 9 July 2015 This study investigates whether a firm with strong corporate governance (CG) requires political connections (PCs), that is, we examine whether CG and PC substitute for or complement each other. Using 71,069 individual bank loan contracts from Taiwan, we examine how lo...

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