Momentum and scalar (heat and water vapor) transfer between a walnut canopy and the overlying atmosphere are investigated for two seasonal periods (before and after leaf-out), and for five thermal stability regimes (free and forced convection, near-neutral condition, transition to stable, and stable). Quadrant and octant analyses of momentum and scalar fluxes followed by space-time autocorrelat...

In 2002, paleolatitude data led researchers from the Ocean Drilling Program to investigate whether the Hawaiian Emperor Bend resulted from a moving hotspot and/or true polar wander as opposed to forming solely as a result of plate movement. In 1963 J. Tuzo Wilson had proposed that the bend was caused by a change in direction of plate movement over the hotspot. With new findings and more extensi...

We numerically explore convection and general circulation of an ocean, encased in a spherical shell uniform thickness, heated from below by spatially heat flux, whose temperature at the upper surface is relaxed to freezing point water. The role salt not considered. describe phenomenology equilibrium solutions across broad range two key non-dimensional numbers: natural Rossby number, measure inf...

An ionization-diffusion mechanism is proposed to understand the first ionization potential (FIP) fractionation as observed in the solar corona and the solar wind. The enrichment of the low-FIP elements (<10 eV) compared to the highFIP elements in a large variety of phenomena, as e.g. slow and fast wind or polar plumes, is explained. Also the special behaviour of the heavy noble gases becomes pe...

Water plumes erupting from the ‘tiger stripe’ features on south pole of Enceladus are thought to connect a global subsurface ocean. Proposed origins for initial stress necessary form stripes’ include giant impact, which would require true polar wander explain location if impact did not occur at South Pole, or tensile stresses, volumetric expansion associated with partial freezing In addition re...

Perioperative nurses in the OR may experience more extensive and sustained exposure to surgical plumes than other surgical personnel. Compared with laser plumes, less policy attention has been given to mitigating the risks associated with exposure to diathermy plumes. Diathermy can produce ultrafine particles and volatile chemical and biological substances, of which a number are teratogenic or ...

It has been claimed that focused hot cylindrical upwelling plumes cause many of the surface volcanic hotspots on Earth. It has also been argued that they must originate from thermal boundary layers. In this paper, we present spherical simulations of mantle circulation at close to Earth-like vigor with significant internal heating. These show, in addition to thermal boundary layer plumes, a new ...

[1] The mantle plume hypothesis provides explanations for several major observations of surface volcanism. The dynamics of plumes with purely thermal origin has been well established, but our understanding of the role of compositional variations in the Earth’s mantle on plume formation is still incomplete. In this study we explore the structures of plumes originating from a thermochemical bound...

We examine spectral time series of the transition region line O v 629 A, observed with the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) on the SoHO spacecraft in July 1997. Both Fourier and wavelet transforms have been applied independently to the analysis of plume oscillations in order to nd the most reliable periods. The wavelet analysis allows us to derive the duration as well as the periods of the...

The present spectroscopic study of the ultraviolet coronal emission in a polar hole, detected on April 6–9, 1996 with the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer aboard the SOHO spacecraft, identifies the inter–plume lanes and background coronal hole regions as the channels where the fast solar wind is preferentially accelerated. In inter–plume lanes, at heliocentric distance 1.7 R ⊙ , the corona ...