Incremental threshold loading (ITL) has been proposed as a test of inspiratory muscle strength and endurance. To date, however, there has been no standardized protocol for an ITL test, and no reference range, with different investigators using a variety of different pressure increments in small numbers of subjects. We developed an ITL test using the weighted plunger (WP) principle, which uses s...

In this paper we show that for discounted MDPs with discount factor, > 1/2 the asymptotic rate of convergence of Q-Iearning is O(1/tR(1-1') if R(1 ,) < 1/2 and O( Jlog log tit) otherwise provided that the state-action pairs are sampled from a fixed probability distribution. Here R = Pmin/Pmax is the ratio of the minimum and maximum state-action occupation frequencies. The results extend to conv...

Ballistic performances are determined by both the maximal lower limb power output (Pmax ) and their individual force-velocity (F-v) mechanical profile, especially the F-v imbalance (FVimb ): difference between the athlete's actual and optimal profile. An optimized training should aim to increase Pmax and/or reduce FVimb . The aim of this study was to test whether an individualized training prog...

ABSTRACT We measured the degree of linear polarization Comet C/2020 S3 (Erasmus) on 2020 November 13, 20, 22, and 23, while comet was observed at large phase angles, ? = 62.6°–66.6°. On first two epochs, closely matched what previously in C/1989 X1 (Austin). third epoch, found to rise slightly, latest it rose significantly, exceeding that Austin. last observation, Erasmus appears be more consis...

Relations between force-velocity characteristics of the multijoint movement of the lower limbs and vertical jump performance were investigated. A total of 67 untrained subjects (age: 19.54 +/- 2.38 years; height: 166.88 +/- 8.53 cm; body mass: 59.14 +/- 10.82 kg, mean +/- SD) performed isometric and isotonic knee-hip extension movements on a servo-controlled dynamometer, and the force-velocity ...

[1] A recurrent coastal sediment plume (RCP) is an episodic event in the southern basin of Lake Michigan that typically coincides with the spring diatom bloom. Strong winter storm activity during El Niño conditions in 1998 resulted in a large and intense RCP event. Consistently higher values of the light-saturated rate of photosynthesis, Pmax B , were observed in spring 1998 compared to 1999 an...

The objectives of this study were to examine the consequences of an acute hamstring injury on performance and mechanical properties of sprint-running at the time of returning to sports and after the subsequent ~2 months of regular soccer training after return. 28 semi-professional male soccer players, 14 with a recent history of unilateral hamstring injury and 14 without prior injury, participa...

There is much debate concerning the optimal load (OL) for power training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the number of sets performed for a given load on mean power output (Pmean). Fourteen physically active men performed 3 sets of 3 bench-press repetitions with 30, 40 and 50 kg. The highest mean power value (Pmax) across all loads and Pmean were compared when data w...

Seasonal changes in photosynthetic capacity, leaf nitrogen (N) content and N partitioning were studied from before leaf maturation (spring) until death (autumn) in high- and low-light-exposed leaves of a deciduous shrub, Lindera umbellata var. membranacea (Maxim.) Momiyama growing in a natural forest in northeast Japan. In spring, light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Pmax) was low despite high ...