let $g$ be a non-abelian finite group. in this paper, we prove that $gamma(g)$ is $k_4$-free if and only if $g cong a times p$, where $a$ is an abelian group, $p$ is a $2$-group and $g/z(g) cong mathbb{ z}_2 times mathbb{z}_2$. also, we show that $gamma(g)$ is $k_{1,3}$-free if and only if $g cong {mathbb{s}}_3,~d_8$ or $q_8$.

we define minimal cn-dominating graph $mathbf {mcn}(g)$, commonality minimal cn-dominating graph $mathbf {cmcn}(g)$ and vertex minimal cn-dominating graph $mathbf {m_{v}cn}(g)$, characterizations are given for graph $g$ for which the newly defined graphs are connected. further serval new results are developed relating to these graphs.

In this paper, we enumerate the parameter matrices of all perfect $2$-colorings of the Platonic graphs consisting of the tetrahedral graph, the cubical graph, the octahedral graph, the dodecahedral graph, and  the icosahedral graph.

This paper analyses the ‘meanings within meaning’ as it reflects in use of language a verbal sign signal that colours Onwueme’s drama and to which she explores part semiotics vital aspect her works. Onwueme uses cultural mimesis expressing meaning plays. is so fashioned towards imitation certain aspects culture. Her techniques match intention this characters’ depiction artistry aesthetics ebull...

a signed graph (marked graph) is an ordered pair $s=(g,sigma)$$(s=(g,mu))$, where $g=(v,e)$ is a graph called the underlyinggraph of $s$ and $sigma:erightarrow{+,-}$$(mu:vrightarrow{+,-})$ is a function. for a graph $g$, $v(g),e(g)$ and $c(g)$ denote its vertex set, edge set and cut-vertexset, respectively. the lict graph $l_{c}(g)$ of a graph $g=(v,e)$is defined as the graph having vertex set ...

let $g$ be a group. the order graph of $g$ is the (undirected)graph $gamma(g)$,those whose vertices are non-trivial subgroups of $g$ and two distinctvertices $h$ and $k$ are adjacent if and only if either$o(h)|o(k)$ or $o(k)|o(h)$. in this paper, we investigate theinterplay between the group-theoretic properties of $g$ and thegraph-theoretic properties of $gamma(g)$. for a finite group$g$, we s...

The age-old ploy of justifying the commission of atrocities by one group by citing examples of atrocities committed by another must be condemned. Evil deeds remain evil deeds, and evil and evil deeds beget evil deeds. Our only hope is to stop focusing on the bad and start focusing on the good. For conflicting ideologies to learn tolerance for each other, common moral ground must be found. What ...

the noncommuting graph $nabla (g)$ of a group $g$ is asimple graph whose vertex set is the set of noncentral elements of$g$ and the edges of which are the ones connecting twononcommuting elements. we determine here, up to isomorphism, thestructure of any finite nonabeilan group $g$ whose noncommutinggraph is a split graph, that is, a graph whose vertex set can bepartitioned into two sets such t...

let $n,t_1,...,t_k$ be distinct positive integers. a toeplitz graph $g=(v, e)$ denoted by $t_n$ is a graph, where $v ={1,...,n}$ and $e= {(i,j) : |i-j| in {t_1,...,t_k}}$.in this paper, we present some results on decomposition of toeplitz graphs.

in this paper we define the removable cycle that, if $im$ is a class of graphs, $gin im$, the cycle $c$ in $g$ is called removable if $g-e(c)in im$. the removable cycles in eulerian graphs have been studied. we characterize eulerian graphs which contain two edge-disjoint removable cycles, and the necessary and sufficient conditions for eulerian graph to have removable cycles h...