today, scouring is one of the important topics in the river and coastal engineering so that the most destruction in the bridges is occurred due to this phenomenon. whereas the bridges are assumed as the most important connecting structures in the communications roads in the country and their importance is doubled while floodwater, thus exact design and maintenance thereof is very crucial. f...

Planting Haloxylon aphyllum under oil mulches has frequently been used for stabilizing mobile sands in Iran for during the last three decades. This study is carried out in stabilized sandy desert of Samad Abad-e-Sarakhs to evaluate the implications of planting Haloxylon aphyllum on the vegetation and soil attributes. Sampling was carried out random-systematically in the representative areas of ...

Shortage of irrigation water is a major problem constraining in agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions. Deficit irrigation is one way to cope with water scarcity and increase water use efficiency. Determining the optimum applied water based on economic analysis is a major key to the deficit irrigation strategy. In this study, the required equations were derived to determine the o...