Crambin, a hydrophobic plant seed protein that exhibits sequence homology to membrane-active plant toxins, was incorporated into phospholipid vesicles. Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicates that its structure in vesicles is nearly identical to its structure in 60% ethanol solution, the solvent from which the protein was crystallized. The secondary structure predicted from the circular dichr...

Targeted toxins, also known as immunotoxins or cytotoxins, are recombinant molecules that specifically bind to cell surface receptors that are overexpressed in cancer and the toxin component kills the cell. These recombinant proteins consist of a specific antibody or ligand coupled to a protein toxin. The targeted toxins bind to a surface antigen or receptor overexpressed in tumors, such as the...

myocardial necrosis can be result from a number of causes including nutritional deficiencies, chemical and plant toxins, ischemia and metabolic disorder. the outcome of myocardial necrosis varies depending on the extent of the damage (donald 2001, jubb 1993, radostits 1994, vanvaleet 1986). myocardial infarction without demonstrable of atherosclerosis were reported in a rhesus macaque (gonder 1...

Ligand-gated ion channels (LGIC) play a central role in inter-cellular communication. This key function has two consequences: (i) these receptor channels are major targets for drug discovery because of their potential involvement in numerous human brain diseases; (ii) they are often found to be the target of plant and animal toxins. Together this makes toxin/receptor interactions important to d...

Myocardial necrosis can be result from a number of causes including nutritional deficiencies, chemical and plant toxins, ischemia and metabolic disorder. The outcome of myocardial necrosis varies depending on the extent of the damage (Donald 2001, Jubb 1993, Radostits 1994, Vanvaleet 1986). Myocardial infarction without demonstrable of atherosclerosis were reported in a rhesus macaque (Gonder 1...

Many plant pathogens secrete toxins that enhance microbial virulence by killing host cells. Usually, these toxins are produced by particular microbial taxa, such as bacteria or fungi. In contrast, many bacterial, fungal and oomycete species produce necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (Nep1)-like proteins (NLPs) that trigger leaf necrosis and immunity-associated responses in various plants....

Over time plants developed complex mechanisms in order to adapt themselves to the environment. Plant innate immunity is one of the most important mechanisms for the environmental adaptation. A myriad of secondary metabolites with nutraceutical features are produced by the plant immune system in order to get adaptation to new environments that provoke stress (stressors). Hormesis is a phenomenon...

Considerable livestock losses occur annually as the result of toxic plants that cause embryonic death, abortion, and fetal abnormalities [1-3]. Plant toxins also interfere with reproduction through their effects on male fertility, especially by affecting spermatogenesis. The plant species that have been historically associated with abortion and infertility in livestock are listed in Table 8-1. ...

Prevalent incidents support the notion that toxins, produced by bacteria, fungi, plants or animals are increasingly responsible for food poisoning or intoxication. Owing to their high toxicity some toxins are also regarded as potential biological warfare agents. Accordingly, control, detection and neutralization of toxic substances are a considerable economic burden to food safety, health care ...

A relatively rapid and sensitive assay is described for assessing the binding of Helminthosporium maydis Race T(14) C-toxins I and II to plant components. The technique is a modification of the one of Haddad and Birge (J. Biol. Chem. 250: 299-303, 1975), and utilizes dextran-coated charcoal as an adsorbent for the unreacted toxin and employs a Millipore filter to isolate the protein-toxin compl...