Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, there has been widespread construction of submarine oil-gas transmission pipelines due to an increase in offshore oil exploration. Vessel anchoring operations are causing more damage to submarine pipelines due to shipping transportation also increasing. Therefore, it is essential that the influence of anchoring on the required burial depth of sub...

We revisit the method of Chvátal, Cook, and Hartmann to establish lower bounds on the Chvátal-Gomory rank and develop a simpler method. We provide new families of polytopes in the 0/1 cube with high rank and we describe a deterministic family achieving a rank of at least (1+ 1/e)n− 1> n. Finally, we show how integrality gaps lead to lower bounds.

This work facilitates ensuring fairness of machine learning in the real world by decoupling fairness considerations in compound decisions. In particular, this work studies how fairness propagates through a compound decision-making processes, which we call a pipeline. Prior work in algorithmic fairness only focuses on fairness with respect to one decision. However, many decision-making processes...

Due to the formation of corrosion products, natural gas liquids and gas hydrates in long distance pipelines, timely and effective pigging operations are necessary to improve the gas transmission efficiency, reduce pressure loss, as well as guarantee the safe operation of gas wells, pipelines and networks. Gas transmission efficiency is a parameter to reflect the working condition and cleanlines...

This analysis uses the case of a seemingly successful industry cluster, i.e. the film and TV industry in Munich, to demonstrate that deficits in the structure of social relations can impact a cluster’s growth potential. In the post-World War II period, Munich grew into a national centre of these industries in Germany due to the introduction of private/commercial TV, national entry barriers and ...

Natural gas pipelines have attracted increasing attention in the energy industry thanks to current demand for green and advantages of pipeline transportation. A novel deep learning method is proposed this paper, using a coupled network structure incorporating thermodynamics-informed neural compressor Boolean network, incorporate both functions transportation safety check supply predictions. The...

Article history: Received: 27.08.2014. Received in revised form: 08.12.2014. Accepted: 11.12.2014. Pipelines are of major importance for transport of natural gas, but a lot of the current in-service pipelines are in wear-out phase. Safe and reliable operations of these pipelines are related to economic development and social stability. It is of great importance and practical significance to stu...

[1] Methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and C2–C5 alkanes were measured throughout the Los Angeles (L.A.) basin in May and June 2010. We use these data to show that the emission ratios of CH4/CO and CH4/CO2 in the L.A. basin are larger than expected from population-apportioned bottom-up state inventories, consistent with previously published work. We use experimentally de...

Detection of minor leaks in oil or gas pipelines is a critical and persistent problem the industry. Many organisations have long relied on fixed hardware manual assessments to monitor leaks. With rapid industrialisation technological advancements, innovative engineering technologies that are cost-effective, faster, easier implement essential. Herein, machine learning-based anomaly detection mod...