The prevalence of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (RAS) is more common than was previously thought, particularly in patients with known coronary, cerebrovascular, or peripheral vascular atherosclerosis. Clinical subsets in which RAS is more common include patients with uncontrolled hypertension, renal insufficiency, and/or sudden onset ("flash") pulmonary edema. Renal artery atheroscleros...

BACKGROUND Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a clinical syndrome usually defined as an acute pulmonary edema occurring shortly after a central neurologic insult. NPE was identified 100 years ago, but it is still underappreciated in the clinical setup. NPE usually appears within minutes to hours after the injury. It has a high mortality rate if not recognized early and treated appropriately. S...

SINCE 1944 when Warren and Stead' first attributed the fluid retention of chronic congestive heart failure to a specific renal dysfunction, an ever increasing interest has centered upon the kidney in an attempt to elucidate its part in the production of edema. Seven years later, although there has been no general agreement on the mechanism, it is believed by many workers that in heart failure t...

BACKGROUND Nitrite (NO2) is a physiologic source of nitric oxide and protects against ischemia-reperfusion injuries. We hypothesized that nitrite would be protective in a rat model of ventilator-induced lung injury and sought to determine if nitrite protection is mediated by enzymic catalytic reduction to nitric oxide. METHODS Rats were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. Group 1 had lo...

Cardiac output estimations clone by the pulse pressure method were compared to those done simultaneously by the dye method in pregnancy, labor, and in the early puerperium. The subjects selected were young, healthy and without edema or clinical evidence of heart disease. A total of 30 determinations was carried out on 23 subjects. Agreement within 25 per cent of the dye method was attained in 9...

T he notions that pulmonary edema can be caused only by failure of the heart’s left ventricle, and that the occurrence of pulmonary edema incontestably establishes the presence of left ventricular failure, together comprise a system of circular reasoning that has stifled thinking for decades. However, a work published years ago1 showed that pulmonary edema is a syndrome of many mechanisms and r...

background: myocardial infarctions at different locations have been related to different sets of risk factors. this study was designed to examine the association between cardiovascular risk factors and specific coronary artery calcification (cac). methods: the study population comprised 573 postmenopausal women selected from a population-based cohort study. established vascular risk factors wer...