$

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common among critically ill patients. Because it is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, efforts are being made to identify AKI early to increase the likelihood of successful intervention. Serum creatinine, the primary parameter used to diagnose AKI, is universally considered a late marker. One of the major problems associated with AKI is acidbase ...

Problem statement: Since the earliest publication on the technique, Reversed-Flow Gas Chromatography (RF-GC) has been used to determine physicochemical properties by measuring the value of one in the presence of another. The method is precise, accurate and simple compared to other conventional techniques. Approach: The experimental setup consists of a small modification of a commercial gas chro...

We have developed a modular pair of laboratory experiments for use both in undergraduate physical chemistry and biochemistry. Both laboratories examine the thermodynamics of the binding of a small molecule, eosin, to the protein lysozyme. The assay for binding is the quenching of lysozyme fluorescence by eosin through resonant energy transfer. In both experiments students measure fluorescence q...

Physical chemistry describes systems in terms of their energy and their boundary conditions. Quantitative knowledge of the future state of a system can be derived from a set of differential equations, relating to the functions defining that system, that provide reasonable estimates of its behavior. This approach, howe v e r, implies first the need to leave aside the individual characteristics o...

There is a widespread agreement that more effective drug delivery vehicles with more alternatives, as well as better active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), must be developed to improve the efficacy of microbicide products. For instance, in tropical regions, films are more appropriate than gels due to better stability of drugs at extremes of moisture and temperature. Here, we apply fundamenta...

Protein remote homology detection is one of the most important problems in bioinformatics. Discriminative methods such as support vector machines (SVM) have shown superior performance. However, the performance of SVM-based methods depends on the vector representations of the protein sequences. Prior works have demonstrated that sequence-order effects are relevant for discrimination, but little ...

The effect of iron concentration during growth on the physicochemical surface properties of the colonial variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been assessed by aqueous two-phase partitioning in a dextran-polyethyleneglycol system containing positively charged trimethylamino-polyethyleneglycol or hydrophobic polyethyleneglycol-palmitate. The complex effects of iron, in combination with other var...

Spray drying is a process widely used to produce fruit juice powders. In powders, it results with the good quality, low water activity, easier transport and storage. The physicochemical properties of powders produced by spray drying depend on the variables of process and/or operating parameters. In the present review, the principle of spray drying was described. In addition, some factors such a...