11 0. Introduction 15 0.1 Two slices of life 17 0.2 Interactive products 18 0.3 Interaction design 19 0.4 Research through design 19 0.5 The structure of this thesis 22 1. Dematerialization 27 1.0 In this chapter 29 1.1 Dematerialization 29 1.2 Designing the digital: an overview 35 1.3 Inspirational interaction frameworks 40 1.4 Definition of three stands 47 1.5 First research questions 50 2. T...

We describe an approach to understanding the way in which people can use physical objects as if they were components of an abstract language. This arose from our study of common devices that cannot support direct manipulation, because users are controlling future operations such as VCR recording. We apply an adaptation of the Cognitive Dimensions of Notations framework, a vocabulary for the ana...

This is one of the valuable volumes comprising the official history of the Medical Department of the U.S. Army in World War II, prepared by the Historical Unit, and published in the professional or clerical and technical series now including 29 volumes. Four volumes have been published in the administrative or operational series. The Surgeon General, in a Foreword, notes the delineation of the ...

Most existing machine learning classifiers are highly vulnerable to adversarial examples. An adversarial example is a sample of input data which has been modified very slightly in a way that is intended to cause a machine learning classifier to misclassify it. In many cases, these modifications can be so subtle that a human observer does not even notice the modification at all, yet the classifi...

The Hospital Committee was more adventurous in those days than now would be considered proper; they appointed Maudsley when he was only twenty-four, and his successor George Mould, when he was twenty-seven. In both instances the governors' courage was justified by the flourishing state of the hospital under the guidance of these two able men. In the present generation the medical direction has ...

This paper explores the idea that the universe is a virtual reality created by information processing, and relates this strange idea to the findings of modern physics about the physical world. The virtual reality concept is familiar to us from online worlds, but our world as a virtual reality is usually a subject for science fiction rather than science. Yet the world could be an information sim...

M ark Weiser envisioned a world in which computing is so pervasive that everyday devices can sense their relationship to us and to each other. They could, thereby, respond so appropriately to our actions that the computing aspects would fade into the background. Underlying this vision is the assumption that sensing a broad set of physical phenomena, rather than just data input, will become a co...

Sweet Cheese (switches) is a physical device that brings back the virtual keyboards to the physical world. Although the virtual keyboards are useful for people with motor impairment, they require to be used in a windowed environment. This is sometimes impossible due to the imposed full screen mode. We present in this paper our solution that mixes advantages of both physical and virtual keyboards.

Most ethical work is done at a low level of formality. This makes practical moral questions inaccessible to formal and natural sciences and can lead to misunderstandings in ethical discussion. In this paper, we use Bayesian inference to introduce a formalization of preference utilitarianism in physical world models, specifically cellular automata. Even though our formalization is not immediatel...