Despite routine vaccination programs against Newcastle disease (ND), sporadic cases have occasionally occurred that remain a constant threat to commercial poultry. Ten isolates of Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) from infected broiler chicken cases were obtained from various locations in Fars province during 2009-2011 and genetically analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction...

Appropriate and extensive taxon sampling is one of the most important determinants of accurate phylogenetic estimation. In addition, accuracy of inferences about evolutionary processes obtained from phylogenetic analyses is improved significantly by thorough taxon sampling efforts. Many recent efforts to improve phylogenetic estimates have focused instead on increasing sequence length or the nu...

desert truffles, hypogeous pezizales (ascomycota), are difficult to identify due to evolutionary convergence of morphological characters among taxa that share a similar habitat and mode of spore dispersal. in this paper we document the presence of picoa lefebvrei (pat.) maire (=phaeangium lefebvrei) in iran and use phylogenetic analysis of the its and 28s rdna to show that this species belon...

the taxonomic and phylogenetic status of several taxa previously recognized as subspecies inastragalus sect. anthylloidei is re-assessed based on dna sequences and morphologicalfeatures. we focused on astragalus ebenoides (subsp. ebenoides and subsp. naghadehensis),astragalus murinus (subsp. murins and subsp. bornmuelleri), astragalus remotiflorus (subsp.remotiflorus and subsp. melanogramma), a...

Independent molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses have often produced discordant results for certain groups which, for fossil-rich groups, raises the possibility that morphological data might mislead in those groups for which we depend upon morphology the most. Rhynchonellide brachiopods, with more than 500 extinct genera but only 19 extant genera represented today, provide an oppor...

In order to investigate the Oomyceteous species of the rice paddy fields of Fars province (Iran), during 2013–15, infected roots and crowns together with soil around seedlings and irrigation water were sampled. Based on the morphological, morphometric and physiological studies along with phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer sequences based on neighbor joining method, two Phytoph...