This study was aimed to analyze the effect of procyanidin B2 (PC) and tannin acid (TA) on activities cholesterol esterase (CEase) inhibitory mechanisms enzymatic activity. The interaction were investigated by kinetics, multi-spectroscopy methods, thermodynamics analysis, molecular docking, dynamic simulations. PC TA could bind with CEase inhibit activity enzyme in a mixed-competitive...

The tarnished plant bug has become increasingly resistant to organophosphates in recent years. To better understand acephate resistance mechanisms, biological, biochemical, and molecular experiments were systematically conducted with susceptible (LLS) and acephate-selected (LLR) strains. Selection of a field population with acephate significantly increased resistance ratio to 5.9-fold, coupled ...

The capacity of human, minipig, and rat skin and liver subcellular fractions to hydrolyze the anesthetic ester procaine was compared with carboxylesterase substrates 4-methylumbelliferyl-acetate, phenylvalerate, and para-nitrophenylacetate and the arylesterase substrate phenylacetate. Rates of procaine hydrolysis by minipig and human skin microsomal and cytosolic fractions were similar, with ra...

The rapid breakdown of target cell DNA during CTL-mediated lysis has been difficult to explain by the granule exocytosis model of cytotoxicity. The involvement of CTL granule proteases in this process was strongly suggested by experiments in which CTL were pretreated with the serine protease inhibitor PMSF, in combination with agents that raise the pH of acidic intracellular compartments. While...

Lipases sensitive to organophosphorus (OP) inhibitors play critical roles in cell regulation, nutrition, and disease, but little is known on the toxicological aspects in mammals. To help fill this gap, six lipases or lipase-like proteins are assayed for OP sensitivity in vitro under standard conditions (25 degrees C, 15 min incubation). Postheparin serum lipase, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) (two so...

The death of macrophages contributes to atheroma formation. Oxidation renders low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cytotoxic to human monocyte-macrophages. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), also termed platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, hydrolyses oxidised phospholipids. Inhibition of Lp-PLA2 by diisopropyl fluorophosphate or Pefabloc (broad-spectrum serine esterase/protease ...

Aiming at studying cooperativity effects between amino acids in easily accessible protein models, we have explored the chemistry of peptide dendrimers, which obtain as pure products by solid-phase synthesis using a branching diamino acid such lysine every second or third position sequence, followed reverse-phase HPLC purification. This article reviews discoveries driven combinatorial library an...

The electrophoretic banding patternof esterases were examined in six different tissues of Pomacea paludosa and Pomacea canaliculata by using different inhibitors viz: pCMB, Paraoxon, Physostigmine, EDTA and AgNo3. Same esterolytic active zones were observed in Ctenidia and Mantle of both species, the maximum number of bands exhibiting in Ctenidia of P.paludosa and P.canaliculata. Species specif...

Studies were carried out to natural papain inhibitor from papaya latex. Fresh latex from green fruits of Carica papaya was collected and immediately transported in ice bath to the lab, from which three fractions with inhibitor effect of esterase papain activity were isolated by latex dialysis, Sephadex G-25 gel filtration and ionic exchange chromatography in SP-Sephadex C-25. The isolated fract...

Novel antihypercholesterolemic bioactive peptides (BAP) from peptic camel whey protein hydrolysates (CWPH) were generated at different time, temperature, and enzyme concentration (%). Hydrolysates showed higher pancreatic lipase- (PL; except 3 CWPH) cholesterol esterase (CE)-inhibiting potential, as depicted by lower half-maximal inhibitory values (IC50 values) compared with nonhydrolyzed prote...