The relative effectiveness of two computer-assisted instructional programs designed to provide instruction and practice in foundational reading skills was examined. First-grade students at risk for reading disabilities received approximately 80 h of small-group instruction in four 50-min sessions per week from October through May. Approximately half of the instruction was delivered by specially...

Reading and spelling performance have a significant correlation with number transcoding, which is the ability to establish a relationship between the verbal and Arabic representations of numbers, when a conversion of numerical symbols from one notation to the other is necessary. The aim of the present study is to reveal shared and non-shared mechanisms involved in reading and writing of words a...

PURPOSE To examine the efficacy of Fast ForWord Language (FFW-L) and 2 other interventions for improving the phonemic awareness and reading skills of children with specific language impairment with concurrent poor reading skills. METHOD A total of 103 children (age 6;0 to 8;11 [years;months]) with language impairment and poor reading skills participated. The children received either FFW-L com...

The independent influences of aging and schooling on the development of phonological awareness were assessed using a between-grades quasie.xperimental design. Both schooling (first grade) and aging (5-7 years] significantly improved children's performance on tests of phonemic segmentation, hut the schooling effect was four times larger than the aging effect. The schooling ^.ff^ct »'«-y attribut...

Current models of spoken-word recognition assume automatic activation of multiple candidate words fully or partially compatible with the speech input. We propose that listeners make use of this concurrent activation in word play such as punning. Distortion in punning should ideally involve no more than a minimal contrastive deviation between two words, namely a phoneme. Moreover, we propose tha...

Given the well-established link between phonemic awareness and literacy, it is important to better understand the foundations of phonemic awareness. The authors investigated the phoneme counting task, examining the degree to which children reading at a first-grade level and college students can focus on sound as opposed to spelling. In 2 experiments, both groups were found to be sensitive to so...