Mark Christie, Manasi Nandi, Yanika Borg, Valentina Carapella, Gary Mirams, Philip Aston, Saziye Bayram, Radostin Simitev, Jennifer Siggers, and Buddhapriya Chakrabarti Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K. Department of Mathematics and Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K. Department of Computer Scienc...

Aspartic acid racemization rate in narwhal (Monodon monoceros) eye lens nuclei estimated by counting of growth layers in tusks Eva Garde, Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen, Susanne Ditlevsen & Steen H. Hansen 1 Center for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5 7, DK-1350 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark 2 Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, PO Box 570, DK...

1Department of Pediatrics, Herlev Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark 2Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark 3 Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China 4Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitale...

Exact logistic regression has become an important analytical technique, especially in the pharmaceutical industry, since the usual asymptotic methods for analyzing small, skewed, or sparse data sets are unreliable. Inference based on enumerating the exact distributions of sufficient statistics for parameters of interest in a logistic regression model, conditional on the remaining parameters, is...

The Association of Black Cardiologists (ABC) has launched a new educational initiative entitled, “Children Should Know Their Grandparents: A Guide to a Healthy Heart.” The program consists of a free video and guidebook that can be viewed anytime online and obtained at the ABC website (www.abcardio.org). The program is sponsored by an unrestricted educational grant from Novartis Pharmaceutical C...

The Birbhum HDSS was established in 2008 and covers 351 villages in four administrative blocks in rural areas of Birbhum district of West Bengal, India. The project currently follows 54 585 individuals living in 12557 households. The population being followed up is economically underprivileged and socially marginalized. The HDSS, a prospective longitudinal cohort study, has been designed to stu...

20.2 Applications of quantification 20.4 20.3 Issues to consider in quantification 20.5 Preparing an action plan for quantification • Using centralized or decentralized quantification • Using manual or computerized methods for quantification • Estimating the time required • Developing and organizing the medicines list • Filling the supply pipeline • Estimating the procurement period • Consideri...

The past 3 decades have witnessed the evolution and refinement of clinical pharmacy. A growing body of evidence supports the proposition that ward-based clinical pharmacy practice improves patient care. The work of clinical pharmacists affects the health care system by significantly reducing mortality rates, medication errors, length of stay, and the cost of care. The Blueprint for Pharmacy, a ...

This paper reviews methods that can be used to assess the impact of medicine use on population health outcomes. In the absence of a gold standard, we argue that a convergence of evidence from different types of studies using multiple methods of independent imperfection provides the best bases for attributing improvements in health outcomes to the use of medicines. The major requirements are: go...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify clusters of nations grouped by health outcomes in order to provide sensible groupings for international comparisons. The utility of this approach is demonstrated by comparing life expectancy and a range of health system indicators within and between each cluster. METHODS Age- and sex-specific mortality data for 190 member states were extracted f...