The measurement uncertainty provides complete information about an analytical result. This is very important because several decisions of compliance or non-compliance are based on analytical results in pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this work was to evaluate and discuss the estimation of uncertainty in pharmaceutical analysis. The uncertainty is a useful tool in the assessment of complia...

In the pharmaceutical industry, a number of tests such as content uniformity and dissolution testing are usually performed at various stages of drug manufacturing process to ensure that the drug product meets standards for identity, strength, quality, purity, and stability of the drug product as specified in the United States Pharmacopedia and National Formulary (USP/NF). The USP/NF provides re...

Essential medicines are those that satisfy the priority health care needs of the population. They are selected with due regard to public health relevance, evidence on efficacy and safety, and comparative cost-effectiveness. Essential medicines are intended to be available within the context of functioning health systems at all times in adequate amounts, in the appropriate dosage forms, with ass...

Parenteral (Gk, para enteron, beside the intestine) dosage forms differ from all other drug dosage forms, because they are injected directly into body tissue through the primary protective systems of the human body, the skin, and mucous membranes. They must be exceptionally pure and free from physical, chemical, and biological contaminants. These requirements place a heavy responsibility on the...

The advent of new antiretroviral medicines means that the effects of HIV can now be curbed, but only one in twenty infected people have so far benefited. For those living in developing countries, the new treatments are practically unattainable. Governments, UNAIDS and pharmaceutical companies recognise this only too well and have rethought established assumption in order to try and overcome the...

Most times in our life we use products with little understanding of how and why the packaging was selected. We usually don’t think about the design specifications of the container and its crucial role in delivering the contents safely. It is only when a problem occurs that we dig deeper into the selection criteria and science that were used to specify the packaging system. In the pharmaceutical...

BACKGROUND Patient-centered clinical pharmacy services are still poorly developed in Europe, despite their demonstrated advantages in North America and the UK. Reporting European pilot experiences is, therefore, important to assess the usefulness of clinical pharmacy services in this specific context. OBJECTIVE To report the results of the first implementation of Belgian clinical pharmacy ser...

Health care systems spend a relatively high percentage of their resources on the purchase of medicines, and the poor spend a disproportionate amount of their income on pharmaceuticals. There is ample evidence in the literature that drugs are very poorly used. World Bank-led health reforms aim at improving equity, efficiency, quality, and users' satisfaction, and it will be difficult to achieve ...

Throughout the years, the main focus of the research activity was the applicability of different types of carboxyvinyl polymer, commercially available as Carbopols. Given the fact that the PhD thesis focused mostly on development of cutanous gel formulations, based on two traditional (Carbopol 940 and Carbopol 980) and one newly developed carboxyvinyl-type polymer (Ultrez 10), further research ...

A simple and reproducible spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of valacyclovir in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The proposed method was based on the formation of chloroform extractable complex of valacyclovir with wool fast blue. The absorbance of the extractable ion pair complex is measured at the wavelength of maximum absorbance 585 nm against the reagent...