it seems impossible to think of the persian art without mentioning the significant presence of gardens. they are present in miniature painting, architecture, and literature. one of the modern works of persian fiction in which gardens play a significant role is malakut (1961), a novella by the modern iranian fiction writer bahram sadeqi (1936-1984). the story of this novella begins in a “green g...

Background & Aim: Lamiaceae is one of the most important families of plants with global transmittal. The family is divided to two major groups: Lamioideae and Nepetoideae. Mentha L. genus has high genetic variation because of different ploidy levels and interspecific interspecific hybridization thus that is possible to select genotypes with excelsior traits as essence content. The genu...

This paper examines the degree to which the importance of wages elsewhere in wage determination stems from comparisons made by workers, as opposed to re°ecting unions' fall-back options in the bargaining process. The di±culty of distinguishing these hypotheses is shown in the context of a bargaining model. It is argued that the use of the wage of a `pay leader' solves the fundamental problem of...

Gene expression analysis is currently carried out using three methods that provide complementary data: microarrays, RNA-Seq, and RT-qPCR. Microarrays provide comprehensive whole-genome coverage in single experiments, with rapid data acquisition and results at a low price per sample. RNA-Seq provides the most comprehensive data across all RNA transcripts present in a sample. However, RNA-Seq als...

the nouveau roman is considered as an influential literary movement of modern literature. there are some traces of the usage of elements and narrative techniques of nouveau roman in contemporary iranian literature. this tendency is more characteristic and typical in bahram sadeghi's work, which is named the representative of nouveau roman in iran. nevertheless, sadeghi has denied any consc...

carnival is one of polyphonic word basis in mikhail bhaktin’s theory of dialogue logic. since “the carnival” is emerged from the mass celebrates in the middle ages, this element in language, is demonstrated with components, as humor, mockery and joking, rejecting the values of society, mixture of life and death, according to flesh and physical delight, social criticism, and in general, anything...

nezami’s narratives-in-verse are of high importance for their monumental and eminent characters. this study intends to analyze the methods applied by nezami while characterization. accordingly, three of his fictional characters are chosen to be studied, including: khosrow, bahram and alexander who are all alike in the case of being kings. according to this study which has applied descriptive an...