A model is described which was used to study the genesis of the pressure in the extradural space. It consists of a Perspex outer tube, with perforations covered with rubber septa to allow the insertion of needles, and Paul's tubing on the inside, representing the dura mater. The Paul's tubing is filled with water through a constant head of pressure apparatus. The response of the model to the in...

background: in radiation therapy, water is the phantom material of choice, both for reference and for relative dosimetry measurements. solid phantoms, however, are more useful for routine measurements because they tend to be more robust and easier to set up than water phantoms. materials and methods: fluka input data cards have been arranged in sequential order. a simple cylindrical geometry wi...

The finite element technique has been accepted as a tool for modeling geotechnical complex processes. In this study, (FE) of various stages the soil-nailing process, i.e., construction and overburden pressure stages, is carried out considering different soil parameters, simulating with in-house developed laboratory models. process built in models idealized plain strain problem modeled PLAXIS so...

Background: In radiation therapy, water is the phantom material of choice, both for reference and for relative dosimetry measurements. Solid phantoms, however, are more useful for routine measurements because they tend to be more robust and easier to set up than water phantoms. Materials and Methods: FLUKA input data cards have been arranged in sequential order. A simple cylindrical geometry wi...

Abstract Various materials and compounds have been used in the design of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI) phantoms to mimic biological tissue properties, including diffusion. This review thus provides an overview preparations various DW-MRI available relation limitations strengths materials/solutions fill them. The narrative conducted from relevant databases shows that synt...

so far, for an analysis of seepage under hydraulic structures much research has beenconducted in the form of numerical models. however, few field and laboratory workshave been performed to study the boiling phenomena for evaluating numerical models.throughout the present work, a laboratory model was built to simulate seepage and itscontrolling measures under sheet piles. the model consisted of ...

The present study quantified surface doses on several rectangular phantom setups and on curved surface phantoms for a 6 MV photon field using the Attix parallel-plate chamber and Gafchromic EBT2 film. For the rectangular phantom setups, the surface doses on a homogenous water equivalent phantom and a water equivalent phantom with 60 mm thick lung equivalent material were measured. The measureme...

Sir, I read the detailed description given by Lund et al.1 with great interest. Two years ago, while studying very preterm babies, I began to use an almost identical system. Since then I have made several modifications which have increased its versatility, simplified the changing of the slings, and greatly improved its acceptability for use with very small and immature subjects (Figure). As our...

Background: Standard personal protective equipment guidelines are insufficient to prevent contamination of healthcare workers with droplet spread during the COVID-19 crisis. The added challenge adequate aerosol protection has led development an initial prototype intubation box. primary objective was determine impact box on mean time completion in a simulated airway. Secondary objectives include...

Introduction: The head scatter factor (Sc) is important to measurements radiation beam and beam modeling of treatment planning systems used for advanced radiation therapy techniques. This study aimed to investigate the design of a mini-phantom to measurement variations in collimator Sc in the presence of shielding blocks for shaping the beam using different field sizes. <str...