background following the implementation of family physician plan in rural areas, the quantity of provided services has been increased, but what leads on the next topic is the improvement in expected quality of service, as well. the present study aims at determining the gap between patients’ expectation and perception from the quality of services provided by family physicians during the spring a...

In our (2004), we introduced two games in the spirit of the St. Petersburg game, the Pasadena and Altadena games. As these latter games lack an expectation, we argued that they pose a paradox for decision theory. Terrence Fine has shown that any finite valuations for the Pasadena, Altadena, and St. Petersburg games are consistent with the standard decision­theoretic axioms. In particular, one c...

Forward-looking agents care about expected future utility flows, and hence have higher current felicity if they are optimistic. This paper studies utility-based biases in beliefs by supposing that beliefs maximize average felicity, optimally balancing this benefit of optimism against the costs of worse decision making. A small optimistic bias in beliefs typically leads to first-order gains in a...

For TRECVID 2004, CMU participated in the semantic feature extraction task, and the manual, interactive and automatic search tasks. For the semantic features classifiers, we tried unimodal, multi-modal and multi-concept classifiers. In interactive search, we compared a visual-only vs a complete video retrieval system using visual AND text data, and also contrasted expert vs novice users; The ma...

Real Expectations: Replacing Rational Expectations with Survey Expectations in Dynamic Macro Models Jeff Fuhrer Abstract: This paper examines the implications of changing the expectations assumption that is embedded in nearly all current macroeconomic models. The paper substitutes measured or “real” expectations for rational expectations in an array of standard macroeconomic relationships, as w...