OBJECTIVES To compare the therapeutic results between selective neck dissection (SND) and conversion modified radical neck dissection (MRND) for the occult nodal metastasis cases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Forty-four cases with occult nodal metastasis were enrolled in this observational cohort study. For twenty-nine cases, SNDs were done and for fifteen cases, as metast...

OBJECTIVE To study the efficacy of different locoregional treatment options for tongue cancer in determining the prognosis, with reference to recurrence of disease in neck. METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of 80 patients with early (T1/T2) carcinoma tongue who had hemiglossectomy with or without neck surgery and radiotherapy for 14 years. RESULTS Eighty patients were included in thi...

BACKGROUND: The objective was to determine the incidence of, and factors associated with contralateral neck failure (CNF) in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). METHODS: Consecutive patients OTSCC between 2007 2016 were included. predefined policy of included dissection (ND) where primary tumor extended/crossed midline or involved; elective nodal irradiation (ENI) ≤1 cm from midline/2 ...

14 of the world's 15 ‘oldest’ countries (largest percentage of people age 65 plus) are to be found in Europe. While E-Government is currently establishing as the most important public sector reform strategy in the EU (Lisbon Agenda), age is a factor which strongly affects EGovernment usage. Under the label of ‘E-Inclusion’ EU policies seeks to solve also age-related digital divide issues. This ...

Mountains are well-suited systems to disentangle the factors driving distribution of parasites due to their heterogeneity of climatic and habitat conditions. However, the information about the relative importance of environmental factors governing the distribution of avian haemosporidians on temperate mountains is very limited. The main goal of the present study is to identify the factors deter...

Inclusions of quenched mafic magma occur in a 21 Ma rhyolite lava and precursory non-welded tuff that form the Spor Mountain Formation in west-central Utah. The mafic inclusions are not lithic inclusions; no comparable volcanic unit was present at the surface when the Spor Mountain Formation erupted. Mineral and bulk compositions preclude liquid immiscibility. The mafic inclusions show clear mo...

Public opinion on the European Union (EU) is significant and therefore a worthwhile topic of consideration. Analyses have identified and ordered the factors that impact public opinion on the EU, as well analyzed the efficacy of EU funds. Yet the confluence of these two lines of inquiry is understudied. Some Member States have surpluses and others deficits relative to the EU budget, which could ...