Downsizing has become a salient issue to organizations in recent years. Research has shown that downsizing can result in unfavorable outcomes in terms of survivor’s attitudes and behaviors toward the organization. This paper proposes that perceived justice mediates the effect of downsizing on organizational citizenship behavior among those involved in organizational downsizing. Specifically, we...

This study examined how employees react to formal evaluations of organizational citizenship behaviors in performance appraisals. Using a sample of 107 business students with relevant job experience, this experimental study found that their reactions to such formal inclusion of organizational citizenship behaviors depended on their task performance. Respondents with high task performance, compar...

Since 1960s, organizational commitment and its antecedents studied from a single– level view; but the study by taking multilevel approach received less attention. In this research, a conceptual cross– level model of organizational commitment antecedents proposed and tested. Data obtained from 461 faculty members of Tehran major universities. Hierarchical linear models examined using HLM6.08. Re...

The authors examined justice perceptions of Taiwanese employees in response to co-workers' punitive events (punishment by a superior). They developed a hypothesis based on Chinese indigenous wu-lun principles and the concept of empathy. Results of the study showed that perceived vertical (between superior and subordinate) and horizontal (between subordinates) relationships jointly affected just...

background: one important factor in growth, progress, and increase in work efficiency of employees of any enterprise is to make considerable effort. supreme leader of the islamic republic of iran also addressed the issue of need for more efforts. the goal of this study was to determine the association of perceived organizational justice and organizational expectations with efforts of nurses to ...