This article emphasizes class politics and path dependence in accounting for the development of pension regimes in Sweden, Denmark and the Netherlands. The political strength of the Swedish Social Democratic Party in alliance with the trade unions resulted in the emergence of a statist pension system. In the Netherlands and Denmark, a politically weak and divided left settled for collectively r...

The European Commission has developed an analysis of supplementary pensions which constructs the policy area as regulatory by separating ‘allocative’ issues, such as smoothing lifetime income and promoting saving, from traditional ‘redistributive’ or ‘budgetary’ welfare concerns, such as ensuring an adequate minimum income. In the allocative sphere, it promotes market-oriented values, notably ‘...

As members of the " baby-boom " generation begin to retire and collect Social Security, pension, and other benefits, many changes to both the public and private retirement systems may occur, such as raising the ages of eligibility, creating more flexible pension plans, and introducing " phased retirement " D eciding when to retire is a choice that will affect an individual's economic circumstan...

The legislation calls for research and evaluation programs, to be conducted, by the Secret,ary of Health, Education, and Welfare through the Assistant Secretary for Health, on the effectiveness, administration, and enforcement of quality assurance programs for health care. Annual re‘ports are to be made to Congress and the Presi: dent on the quality of health care in the United States, the oper...

My Lord Marquis, Para. 1. I have given very careful consideration to the proposals' for a revised scale of pensions for the Indian Medical Service contained in your Financial letter of the 12th October 1880, No. 335, and on a full review of all the riivnmstnnpps T liave determined to sanction, with some The proposals you have made. 2. I am unable, however, to allow longer periods of leave of ab...