Bone pain is a common and severe symptom in cancer patients. The present study employed a mouse model of leukemia bone pain by injection K562 cells into tibia of mouse to evaluate the analgesic effects of lappacontine. Our results showed that the lappaconitine treatment at day 15, 17 and 19 could effectively reduce the spontaneous pain scoring values, restore reduced degree in the inclined-plat...

We agree with Sutker and Allain (1981) "that voluntarism may prove important in predicting successfulness of drug abuse treatment participation and outcome" (p. 175). Voluntarism also may influence subjective measures of psychopathology by which treatment participation and outcome are assessed. We agree with Sutker and Allain (1981) that factors in addition to voluntarism may affect selfreporte...

The functional interactions between the endogenous cannabinoid and opioid systems were evaluated in pre-proenkephalin-deficient mice. Antinociception induced in the tail-immersion test by acute Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol was reduced in mutant mice, whereas no difference between genotypes was observed in the effects induced on body temperature, locomotion, or ring catalepsy. During a chronic tr...

Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity internationally. The aetiology of this disease is unknown, though widespread endothelial dysfunction is considered to be the major reason. Early identification of this disease would be helpful in early identification of the high risk patients, diagnosis and better prenatal care. Several biomarkers either individua...

Adrenal enkephalin-containing peptides are known to increase 10- to 15-fold in the rat after surgical denervation of the gland. In this report we show that the increase is preceded by a lag of several hours, which is indicative of stimulation of protein synthesis at the transcriptional level. The major species of newly appearing enkephalin-containing peptide appears to be the intact precursor, ...

Low positive emotionality (PE; e.g., listlessness, anhedonia, and lack of enthusiasm) has been hypothesized to be a temperamental precursor or risk factor for depression. The present study sought to evaluate the validity of this hypothesis by testing whether low PE children have similar external correlates as individuals with depression. This paper focused on the external correlate of EEG asymm...

What is the connection between the activity of chemicals in the brain and behavior? How does brain chemistry predict complex behavior, such as singing in birds? Male birds with higher testosterone levels may be more prone to exhibit behavior indicating that they are desirable mates for prospective females, such as singing long and complex songs or showing that they “own” or control a desirable ...

Recent electrophysiological research has sought to elucidate the neural mechanisms necessary for the conscious awareness of action errors. Much of this work has focused on the error positivity (Pe), a neural signal that is specifically elicited by errors that have been consciously perceived. While awareness appears to be an essential prerequisite for eliciting the Pe, the precise functional rol...

Several pathogens use evolvability as a survival strategy against acquired immunity of the host. Despite their high variability in time, some of them exhibit quite low variability within the population at any given time, a somehow paradoxical behavior often called the evolving quasispecies. In this paper we introduce a simplified model of an evolving viral population in which the effects of the...