The type of penicillinase plasmid carried by penicillin-resistant cultures of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from eight London hospitals has been determined. Among ;endemic' hospital staphylococci, cultures resistant to mercury salts and producing large amounts of A-type penicillinase, a high proportion of which is extracellular, are most common. C-type penicillinase is rarely associated with r...

Phosphate stimulates penicillinase formation in Bacillus cereus 569. The rate of penicillinase synthesis in the presence of 0.3 m phosphate, pH 7.0, is approximately 10-fold greater than that for uninduced cells, while the rate of synthesis in the presence of 0.3 m phosphate and 1 unit/ml of penicillin is approximately fourfold greater than in the presence of penicillin alone. When phosphate-in...

Penicillinase was localized in log-phase cells of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C by labeling with ferritin-anti-penicillinase immunoglobulin G conjugate. Mildly fixed homogenized cells, isolated subcellular fractions, and frozen thin sections were labeled. The label was distributed in discrete patches in the cell envelope. The patches extended from the inside part of the membrane to the outside p...

The Sterne and Ames strains of Bacillus anthracis carry chromosomal genes bla1 and bla2, which confer beta-lactam resistance when expressed in Escherichia coli. MIC measurements and steady-state kinetic analyses indicate that Bla1 possesses penicillinase activity while Bla2 possesses penicillinase, cephalosporinase, and carbapenem-hydrolyzing activities.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for neopterin using penicillinase as marker enzyme is reported here by polyclonal antibodies against neopterin conjugated to bovine serum albumin which were raised in rabbits. Immunoglobulin fractions were purified and coated on wells of microtiter plates. A chain heterology was introduced in neopterin derivative and conjugated to penicillinase. The assa...

Phytohormones, of which indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is most widely recognized, are naturally occurring compounds which regulate plant growth activities. Other plant growth-regulating compounds, such as 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4, 5-T), differ in that they are chemically synthesized. There are indications that both natural and synthetic plant growth regulators have significant activit...

growth medium. Growth was not appreciably affected by the detergents (0.0001 %) except for dodecyl and octadecyl sulfate, which showed some inhibition. It is apparent that enzymatic activity decreases as the number of carbons in the alkyl chain is increased. Equivalent concentrations are without effect on preformed penicillinase. However, the same pattern of inhibition occurred when the deterge...

Cell-bound isozymes of penicillinase are distinguished from extracellular enzyme by their capacity to bind deoxycholate and to elute with an apparent molecular weight of 45,000 on gel filtration in its presence. By methods that are unlikely to involve changes in primary structure, the cell-bound forms (both from the plasma membrane and from the periplasmic vesicles) can be converted to forms th...

The penicillinase antirepressor gene, penJ, of Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945a was cloned in Escherichia coli by using pMB9 as a vector plasmid. The penicillinase gene, penP, its repressor gene, penI, and penJ were encoded on the cloned 5.2-kilobase HindIII fragment of the recombinant plasmid pTTE71. The penJ open reading frame was composed of 1,803 bases and 601 amino acid residues (molecula...