childhood hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection causes both medical and public health challenges. infants who acquire hbv parentally have up to 90% risk of developing chronic hbv infection. it is now estimated that approximately 10% of worldwide cancers are attributable to viral infection, with the vast majority (>85 %) occurring in the developing world. in this distribution, elevated rate and prev...

introduction: pain may be described as a sensation of hurt or strong discomfort and is the body's way of sending message to the brain that an injury has occurred. pain medicines block these messages or reduce their effect on the brain. accurate administration of analgesia have a long –lasting effect on children whole experience of medical care and affects parents' and children's ...

minimal change disease (mcd) is the leading cause of childhood nephrotic syndrome (ns). therefore in pediatrics nephrotic syndrome, most children beyond the first year of life will be treated with corticosteroids without an initial biopsy. children with ns often display a number of calcium homeostasis disturbances causing abnormal bone histology, including hypocalcemia, reduced serum vitamin d ...

background: the graduated dentists who are working for the community health services are considered to be better judges to comment on the educational needs in accordance with the society prerequisites. the aim of this study was to investigate the educational provisions of the department of pediatric dentistry from the viewpoints of the graduated dentists of shiraz dental school. methods: a tota...

introduction: management of pediatric blunt abdominal trauma in resource-restricted settings requires precise clinical expertise. in this study, we reviewed pediatric patients who were suspected to have blunt abdominal trauma in a level iii trauma center in iran. materials and methods: in a cross-sectional study, 66 injured children were studied from october 01, 2014 to october 01, 2015 in niks...

background: pediatric patients on chemotherapy are vulnerable to invasive fungal infection especially candida spices. resistance to antifungal agents has increased in candida spp., especially in non-albicans species. this study aims to assess the susceptibility of candida spp. strains isolated from children with acute leukemia less than 18 years. materials and methods: this prospective cross-se...

conclusions nocturnal enuresis is a common problem that has multifaceted effects on both the child and the family. due to multiple etiologic factors, nocturnal enuresis is still not clearly defined. evidence acquisition this review was performed by evaluating the literature on nocturnal enuresis published between 1970 and 2015, available via pubmed and using the keywords “nocturnal enuresis,” “...

background and objective: cytomegalovirus (cmv) infections are associated with severe morbidity and mortality in patients, especially pediatric renal transplantation patients. the use of immunosuppressive agents places these patients at the risk of viral infections. as cytomegalovirus infection influences the graft outcome, adopting useful strategies for limiting this virus after transplantatio...

trauma is a common cause of death and disability in children. proper approach to pediatric trauma involves adherence to abcde sequence in the primary survey and resuscitation in order to promptly recognize and manage life-threatening conditions immediately. this readily reviewed sequence includes a: establishment and maintenance of a patent airway while maintaining cervical spine immobilization...

objectives: instruction of local anesthesia injection in an important part of dental education curricula. this study was performed to compare dental students’ preference with regard to tactile or visual determination of injection site for an inferior alveolar nerve block (ianb) in children. materials and methods: this crossover randomized clinical trial was conducted on dental students of zahed...