Pedestrian crowds often have been modeled as many-particle system including microscopic multi-agent simulators. One of the key challenges is to unearth governing principles that can model pedestrian movement, and use them to reproduce paths and behaviors that are frequently observed in human crowds. To that effect, we present a novel crowd simulation algorithm that aims to generate pedestrian t...

BACKGROUND Child pedestrian road traffic injuries (RTIs) are an important cause of death and disability in poorer nations, however RTI prevention strategies in those countries largely draw upon studies conducted in wealthier countries. This research investigated personal and environmental risk factors for child pedestrian RTIs relevant to an urban, developing world setting. METHODS This is a ...

In this paper we present an optimal control approach modeling fast exit scenarios in pedestrian crowds. In particular we consider the case of a large human crowd trying to exit a room as fast as possible. The motion of every pedestrian is determined by minimizing a cost functional, which depends on his/her position, velocity, exit time and the overall density of people. This microscopic setup l...

In this paper, we develop a macroscopic model for pedestrian flow using the dynamic continuum modeling approach. We consider a two-dimensional walking facility that is represented as a continuum within which pedestrians can move freely in any direction. A pedestrian chooses a route based on his or her memory of the shortest path to the desired destination when the facility is empty and, at the ...

Œere has recently been a renewed interest in planning for pedestrian trac, primarily in connection to public transport interchange stations, since these are important for public transport to constitute an aŠractive alternative to car usage. Œis thesis concerns microscopic simulation of pedestrian trac, which is a promising tool for analyzing and predicting the trac situation in a given pedes...

We address the problem of simulating pedestrian crowd behaviors in real time. To date, two approaches can be used in modeling and simulation of crowd behaviors, i.e. macroscopic and microscopic models. Microscopic simulation techniques can capture the accuracy simulation of individualistic pedestrian behavior while macroscopic simulations maximize the efficiency of simulation; neither of them a...

A macroscopic loading model for multi-directional, time-varying and congested pedestrian flows is proposed in this paper. Walkable space is represented by a network of streams that are each associated with an area in which they interact. To describe this interaction, a stream-based pedestrian fundamental diagram is used that relates density and walking speed in multi-directional flow. The propo...

which depends Lipschitz continuously from the data and, by [12, Theorem 2.6], also from v and ~v. According to (2), at time t the pedestrian at x moves along a prescribed trajectory, an integral curve of ~v, with a speed v(ρ) that depends on ρ evaluated at point x and time t. On the contrary, Section 2 is devoted to (1) with the speed of the individual at x depending on an average of the densit...