Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) swim in the labriform mode at low speeds, generating lift and thrust by beating their pectoral fins. The maximal power output available from the two largest pectoral fin adductor and abductor muscles, constituting half of the total pectoral girdle muscle mass, was measured in vitro and used to estimate the muscle mechanical power output during maximal labr...

Suction-feeding fishes capture food by fast and forceful expansion of the mouth cavity, and axial muscles probably provide substantial power for this feeding behavior. Dorsal expansion of the mouth cavity can only be powered by the epaxial muscles, but both the sternohyoid, shortening against an immobile pectoral girdle to retract the hyoid, and the hypaxial muscles, shortening to retract both ...

Crocodiles and their kin (Crocodylidae) use asymmetrical (bounding and galloping) gaits when moving rapidly. Despite being morphologically and ecologically similar, it seems alligators and their kin (Alligatoridae) do not. To investigate a possible anatomical basis for this apparent major difference in locomotor capabilities, we measured relative masses and internal architecture (fascicle lengt...

The effects of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates on hatchability, BW, yolk sac weights (YSW), pectoral muscle weights (PMW), liver and pectoral muscle glycogen concentration, serum glucose level, and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity of domestic pigeons, hatched from eggs laid by a 40-wk-old breeder flock, were investigated. At 14.5 of incubation, fertile eggs were injected with 200 μL of 1....

Shivering (electromyographic activity of the pectoral muscle), oxygen consumption, and body temperature were measured from undisturbed pigeons for periods of several weeks, and segments from the midparts of each phase of the light-dark cycle were compared at various ambient temperatures and feeding regimes. Behavior was recorded with a video camera. None of the observed types of behavior (e.g.,...

Infectious bronchitis is caused by a coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Infectious bronchitis is an acute and highly contagious disease of economic importance due to the reduction in weight gain observed with infected broilers and the drop in egg quality and production associated with infected laying hens. The presence of deep pectoral myopathy has been associated with IBV variants...

The expression of the myofibrillar M-band proteins myomesin and M-protein was studied in chicken pectoral muscle and heart during differentiation using monoclonal antibodies in a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblotting, and immunocytochemistry. In presumptive pectoral muscle, myomesin accumulated first, increasing from 2% of the adult concentration at day 7 to...