introduction: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of 3 obturation techniques in oval-shaped canals by bacterial leakage assessment. methods: sixty mandibular incisors with oval canals were selected after providing buccolingual and mesiodistal radiographs. the teeth were sectioned at a 10 mm distance from the apex. after instrumentation, the teeth were divided into 3 gr...

Coumarins play an important role in drug development with diverse biological applications. Herein, we present the synthesis of coumarin through Pechmann reaction by using zirconia-based heterogeneous catalysts (ZrO2-TiO2, ZrO2-ZnO, and ZrO2/cellulose) in a solvent-free condition at room temperature. ZrO2-TiO2, ZrO2-ZnO, and ZrO2/cellulose were identified through spectroscopic techniques such as...

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We introduce two generalized condensation principles: Local Club Condensation and Stationary Condensation. We show that while Strong Condensation (a generalized Condensation principle introduced by Hugh Woodin in [19]) is inconsistent with an ω1-Erdős cardinal, Stationary Condensation and Local Club Condensation (which should be thought of as weakenings of Strong Condensation) are both consiste...