In this paper we deal from an algorithmic perspective with different questions regarding properly edge-colored (or PEC) paths, trails and closed trails. Given a c-edge-colored graph G, we show how to polynomially determine, if any, a PEC closed trail subgraph whose number of visits at each vertex is specified before hand. As a consequence, we solve a number of interesting related problems. For ...

Percutaneous endoscopic colostomy (PEC) has been established as an alternative method of intestinal decompression and irrigation for chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction, relapsing sigmoid volvulus, neurogenic bowel, and constipation [1]. However, the thin, distended colonic wall can easily be torn during creation of the PEC with the pull method, and inadvertent traction of the PEC tube and col...

Due to its direct band gap of ~1.35 eV, appropriate energy band-edge positions, and low surface-recombination velocity, p-type InP has attracted considerable attention as a promising photocathode material for solar hydrogen generation. However, challenges remain with p-type InP for achieving high and stable photoelectrochemical (PEC) performances. Here, we demonstrate that surface modifications...

Peritoneal exÃodate cells (PEC) harvested from mice after i.p. injection of squalene-treated cell wall skeleton of Nocardia rubra (N. rubra-CWS) demonstrated vigorous cytolytic activity in vitro toward tumor target cells. Fractionation of these PEC by adherence to plastic dishes showed that the cytolytic activity in PEC was associated with an adherent phagocytic cell. In duction of the cytolyti...

Peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) harvested from mice after i.p. injection of squalene-treated cell wall skeleton of Nocardia rubra (N. rubra-CWS) demonstrated vigorous cytolytic activity in vitro toward tumor target cells. Fractionation of these PEC by adherence to plastic dishes showed that the cytolytic activity in PEC was associated with an adherent phagocytic cell. Induction of the cytolytic ...

STUDY DESIGN The study was based on porcine posterolateral fusion model. OBJECTIVE The study aims to prove that polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) carrier could enhance the efficacy and safety profile of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA BMP-2 was introduced to enhance posterolateral fusion; however, extremely high doses of this molecule were often used which contr...

The Ec peptide (PEc) of insulin-like growth factor 1 Ec (IGF-1Ec) induces human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) mobilization and activates extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) in various cells. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of PEc on the mobilization and differentiation of hMSCs, as well as the possibility of its implementation in combination with transform...

A tumor-targeting antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) delivery system based on polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) micelles is demonstrated. ODN-PEG-folic acid (ODN-PEG-FA) was synthesized using a heterofunctional PEG linker. The PEC micelles for the targeted ODN delivery to tumor cells were produced by ionic interactions between the ODN-PEG-FA and polyethylenimine (PEI). The in vivo targeting prope...

We investigated whether the feeding of high H2-generating dietary fibre and resistant starch (RS) could suppress hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, which results from oxidative stress, in rats fed a pectin (Pec) or high-amylose maize starch (HAS) diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a control (C) diet, with or without Pec (0-5 % Pec) or HAS (0-30 % HAS) supplementation for 7 d. Porta...

Polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) consisting of an alginate core entrapping the protein ovalbumin and the chitosan coating were prepared by the self-assembly of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. The PEC were prepared at pH 4.0 and consisted of alginate, ovalbumin and chitosan in a concentration of 0.5, 0.5 and 0.05 mg/ml, respectively, having a particle size of around 300nm, a zeta potential o...