BNG-1, a novel mixture of traditional Chinese medicines with a long history in the treatment of stroke, exhibited acute neuroprotection effect on rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Anti-ischemic effects were seen in both animals receiving BNG-1 before the ischemic insult as well as in animals receiving the drug formulation after surgical occlusion of the artery. Anti-thrombic ac...

The cyclic nucleotides, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) play an important role in the regulation of airway smooth muscle tone and activation of inflammatory cells. Intracellular concentrations of these nucleotides are tightly regulated by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Several families of PDEs are now recognized and, within each isoenzyme family, mole...

 Image restoration is an essential preprocessing step for many image analysis applications. In any image restoration techniques, keeping structure of the image unchanged is very important. Such structure in an image often corresponds to the region discontinuities and edges. The techniques based on partial differential equations, such as the heat equations, are receiving considerable attention i...

Insulin stimulation of adipocytes results in serine phosphorylation/activation of phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE 3B) and activation of a kinase that phosphorylates PDE 3B in vitro, key events in the antilipolytic action of this hormone. We have investigated the role for p70 S6 kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases), and protein kinase B (PKB) in the insulin signaling pathway leading...

Cyclic nucleotides have been implicated in the differentiation and function of the vertebrate retina . In the normal retina of DBA mice, the specific activity of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE), with cyclic-AMP as the substrate (cAMP-PDE), increases eightfold between the 6th and 20th postnatal day. Kinetic analysis of retinae from newborn mice reveals a PDE with a single Michaelis con...

A thermal–electrochemical model of lithium-ion batteries is presented and a Luenberger observer is derived for State-of-Charge (SoC) estimation by recovering the lithium concentration in the electrodes. This first-principles based model is a coupled system of partial and ordinary differential equations, which is a reduced version of the Doyle–Fuller–Newman model. More precisely, the subsystem o...

Pulse detonation technology can be a revolutionary approach for propulsion system since it offers significant fuel efficiency, higher thrust to weight ratio and low cost. Although the design concept of a pulse detonation engine is comparatively simple, but the development and stabilization of sustainable detonation wave front is difficult. Consequently pulse detonation engine technology is stil...

The main issue in any image zooming techniques is to preserve the structure of the zoomed image. The zoomed image may suffer from the discontinuities in the soft regions and edges; it may contain artifacts, such as image blurring and blocky, and staircase effects. This paper presents a novel image zooming technique using Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). It combines a non-linear Fourth-ord...