Microbes have several mechanisms that promote evolutionary adaptation in stressful environments. The corresponding molecular pathways promote diversity through modulating rates of recombination, mutation or influence the activity of transposable genetic elements. Recent experimental studies suggest an evolutionary conflict between these mechanisms. Specifically, presence of mismatch repair muta...

OBJECTIVE Child restraint systems (CRS) are increasingly being designed to accommodate larger children and to mitigate side impact injuries. Little is known about the impact of CRS on the safety of other vehicle passengers due to limitations of existing crash databases. This study provides the first assessment of the seating positions occupied by child passengers and the relationship between CR...

Although, on average, only 2.1% of airline flights are cancelled each year, some of these cancellations occur in batches due to events that impact network operations such as snow storms, equipment outages, and labor issues. Batch cancellations impact a large number of passengers at the same time in the same location and have a negative effect on airline revenue (due to refund obligations), corp...

Of 134 Queensland passengers on a cruise, 91 (67.9%) people reported various illnesses including 41 (30.6%) who reported diarrhoeal symptoms. Queensland passengers who ate while onshore at non-Australian ports were significantly more at risk of developing diarrhoeal symptoms than those who did not. Passengers were particularly at risk when they ate onshore while undertaking a tour compared with...

This paper seeks to improving our understanding of air passengers’ decision-making processes by testing a conceptual model that considers service expectation, service perception, service value, passenger satisfaction, airline image, and behavioural intentions simultaneously. For this testing, path analysis via maximum likelihood estimator is applied to data collected from Korean international a...

Real-life optimization problems frequently rely on input data which only estimates the data actually appearing when a computed solution is used in practice. Small deviations of the actual data from the input data can have many different consequences: for instance, a computed solution might need to be adapted in order to guarantee feasibility, or the quality of a computed solution might degrade ...

The primary objective of the National Airspace System (NAS) is the transportation of passengers and cargo. It is no surprise, therefore, that passenger trip time performance is positively correlated with passenger satisfaction, airfare elasticity, and airline profits. Regulatory consumer information available to airline passengers provides measures of trip performance using only flight data (an...