The chaperonin GroEL assists polypeptide folding through sequential steps of binding nonnative protein in the central cavity of an open ring, via hydrophobic surfaces of its apical domains, followed by encapsulation in a hydrophilic cavity. To examine the binding state, we have classified a large data set of GroEL binary complexes with nonnative malate dehydrogenase (MDH), imaged by cryo-electr...

The amounts of apical enlargement have been a controversial issue for a long time. The enlargement of the apical part of the canal may severely impact the endodontic prognosis. Enlargement of the apical portion to a larger size may negatively affect the ability to control the filling material during root canal obturation. In addition, an open-apex increases the risk for overfilling which has be...

OBJECTIVES Published experiences with thoracoscopic apical or total pleurectomy for patients with a pneumothorax are limited. We aimed to evaluate the long-term results and effectiveness of pleurectomy in our patients, that vast majority of whom underwent thoracoscopic apical or total pleurectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between January 2001 and December 2010, in the Istanbul University Medical ...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of a sonic device (Vibringe), syringe irrigation, and passive ultrasonic irrigation in the removal of debris from simulated root canal irregularities. METHODS Root canals with 2 standardized grooves in the apical and coronal parts were filled with dentin debris. Three different irrigation procedures were performed with NaOCl (1%...

Auxin and polar auxin transport have been implicated in controlling embryo patterning and development in angiosperms but less is known from the gymnosperms. The aims of this study were to determine at what stages of conifer embryo development auxin and polar auxin transport are the most important for normal development and to analyze the changes in embryos after treatment with the polar auxin i...

Hydrilla verticillata is an aquatic macrophyte recently found in the Upper Paraná River floodplain. This species has a high potential to reproduce and disperse to new sites, mainly through stem fragments. In this study, we evaluated the colonization (the ability of roots to develop), regeneration (the ability of lateral shoots to develop) and growth rates of this species using fragments of diff...

A 54-year-old woman with a diagnosis of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was referred to the cardiac transplant unit for clinical assessment. Her cardiovascular history included hypertension and 2 prior hospitalizations for heart failure. Her anamnesis was notable for an episode IMAGE IN CARDIOLOGY of hepatic failure and hypereosinophilia following ingestion of watercress 15 years before. Lat...

using apple clonal rootstocks is necessary for improving crop efficiency in apple orchards. after graftingof apple cultivars on malling rootstocks, the extra parts of the rootstock was used as stem cuttings. apical,middle and basal parts of these shoots were used as cuttings. two propagation conditions, greenhouse andnursery and three concentrations of indole-3- butyric acid (iba) on rooting, c...

Cerebral cortical progenitor cells can be classified into several different types, and each progenitor type integrates cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic cues to regulate neurogenesis. On one hand, cell-intrinsic mechanisms that depend upon appropriate apical-basal polarity are established by adherens junctions and apical complex proteins and are particularly important in progenitors with apical...

Epithelial cells acquire diverse shapes relating to their different functions. This is particularly relevant for the cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs), whose apical and basolateral shapes accommodate the functioning of these cells as mechano-electrical and electromechanical transducers, respectively. We uncovered a circumferential shape transition of the apical junctional complex (AJC) of OHCs, ...