Volcanic eruptions emit gases, ash particles and hydrometeors into the atmosphere, occasionally reaching heights of 20 km or more, to reside in the stratospheric overworld where they affect the radiative balance of the atmosphere and the Earth’s climate. Here we use satellite measurements and a Lagrangian particle dispersion model to determine the mass loadings, vertical penetration, horizontal...

In this work, a series of polypropylene/polyvinyl butyral (PP/PVB) blends were prepared by melt-blending process, at PVB loadings 3 wt%, 10 wt%, and 30 wt%. The effects of PVB on crystallization behavior of PP were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The isothermal crystallization kinetics were analyzed by Avrami equations. It was fou...

Long time (~1day) aging or reactions of aerosol is typically studied using either large aerosol chambers (>10 m 3 ) or particles supported on a substrate to minimize wall effects. To avoid wall effects in the latter, it is often essential that the wall reactivity be extremely small (<<10 -5 reactions per encounter) and that the particle loadings be very small (<1 pg/cm 2 ) to eliminate transpor...

When particles adsorb at a fluid/fluid interface at a sufficiently high concentration, the interface loses mobility and displays solidlike characteristics, a phenomenon called "interfacial jamming". Jamming can arrest interfacial tension-driven morphological coarsening in liquid/liquid or gas/liquid systems and therefore stabilize two phase morphologies with unusual interfacial shapes, for exam...

BACKGROUND Responsibility loadings determine relative value units of dental services that translate services into a common scale of work effort. The aims of this paper were to elicit responsibility loadings for a subset of dental services and to relate responsibility loadings to ratings of importance of the components of responsibility. METHODS Responsibility loadings and ratings of component...

The modulation of isotropic turbulence by particles has been investigated using direct numerical simulation (DNS). The particular focus of the present work is on the class of dilute flows in which particle volume fractions and inter-particle collisions are negligible. Gravitational settling is also neglected and particle motion is assumed to be governed by drag with particle relaxation times ra...

Discrete Element Model (DEM) is used to simulate bubble and particle interactions with vortical flows. In this Euler-Lagrange approach, volume-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a co-located grid finite volume method. The dispersed phase is assumed spherical and is modeled by tracking the centroids of the particles/bubbles in a Lagrangian frame. In addition to interphase momentum...

It is well established in the hydroclimatic literature that the interannual variability in seasonal streamflow could be partially explained using climatic precursors such as tropical sea surface temperature (SST) conditions. Similarly, it is widely known that streamflow is the most important predictor in estimating nutrient loadings and the associated concentration. The intent of this study is ...

The molecular structures of the surface overlayers of rhenium(VI1) oxide, molybdenum(V1) oxide, tungsten(V1) oxide, chromium(V1) oxide, vanadium(V) oxide, niobium(V) oxide, and titanium( IV) oxide on y-alumina were determined by in situ Raman spectroscopy under dehydrated conditions. It was found that the dehydrated surface metal oxide structures of all the systems under study, except for suppo...

Release of the highly water-soluble proteins Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), -lactoglobulin and lysozyme chloride from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAc) matrices was studied at three drug powder particle sizes and ten drug loadings. It was found that at small particles and low loadings, much of the BSA is virtually trapped inside the matrix. Even at higher loadings and particle sizes, where a...