silver coins of alexander of macedonia, until the arrival of parthians in the 1st century bc, have been put in wdxrf in order to determin ag, cu, pb and au as major and trace elements for fineness, debasement and refinement of silver in ancient persia. seleucid kingdom from 4th to 1st century bc was succeeded by several dynasties and kings. but the chemical composition of their silver coins an...

despite the lack of a clear understanding of the relationships of eastern and southeastern arabia with different iranian regions during pre-sassanian era and the paucity of written evidence from this period, the huge corpus of archaeological evidence obtained from this region and the few available historical documents show that the region maintained close contacts with iran and was under legal ...

The history of architecture is not only the past. invisible presence absence – «imprints», «traces» disappeared cultures past civilizations, allow us to better understand our present. genesis development during formation feudalism and historical environment in which a peculiar fortified castles was formed, reflecting peculiarities worldview, local conditions tasks fortification, subject object ...