background: radon, an invisible, odorless, heaviest (nine times heavier than air) and radioactive gas is an aberration (the only gas in the long decay chain of heavy metal elements). it is ubiquitously present in dwellings and in the environment. humans receive the greatest radiation dose in their homes. that's where they spend most time - typically 70%, more for small children. recent wor...

In this paper, an advanced analysis of a novel hybrid compression-absorption refrigeration system (HCARS) for natural gas dew point control unit in a gas refinery is presented. This unit separates the heavy hydrocarbon molecules in the natural gas, which is traditionally carried out by natural gas cooling in a compression refrigeration cycle (CRS). The power input required for the refrigeration...

this paper presents an economic evaluation of gas to liquids (gtl) project using “south-pars” gas field of iran based on the latest actual performing gtl projects. iran has the world’s largest reserves of natural gas and can satisfy the projected long-term market demand of gtl products which have lower pollution and higher quality than refinery products. the results of cost-benefit analysis sho...

Technology, describe how taking an integrated approach to energy performance early in the design phase can deliver significant improvements in refinery energy efficiency. E nergy is the second single largest component of variable refinery operating expense, representing some 40-50% of total operating costs, excluding the cost of purchasing raw crude. Fuel and power consumption is also directly ...

Due to the importance of energy consumption in a steam network of oil refinery as a significant unit, present study is concerned with the optimization of an oil refinery steam network. Here, the attempt was made to use concepts such as first and second thermodynamic laws, thermo-economic, environmental and economic discussions to investigate three different scenarios about Tehran refinery steam...

INTRODUCTION This study assessed the air exhaustion control of corrugated plate interceptor (CPI) oil separators in a refinery wastewater treatment plant for biodegradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by deep activated sludge aeration systems. Three approaches were used to derive VOC emission factors: * (a) Calculating using the aeration rate and VOC gas-liquid equilibrium concentratio...

Light olefins such as ethylene, propylene, and butylenes, are basic building blocks for petrochemicals. Further, these olefins are also useful for production of clean fuels such as alkylates – which have high octanes but no sulfur, olefins, and aromatics – or as octaneenhancers such as ethers. The conventional olefin production process is steam cracking of C2−C4 light paraffins from natural gas...

Abstract In this study the wastewater treatment of a gas refinery was investigated by using an aerobic trickle bed filter bioreactor. Using a methanothrophic bacterium was the only difference of this experiment from the common aerobic wastewater treatment processes. In addition to reach the standards of wastewater treatments the other goal of using this special bacterium was the productio...

In 1901 the Gulf Refining Company was chartered to provide refining and sales support to the Spindletop oil field in southeast Texas (Gulf Oil History, 2003). A refinery was built immediately after on a 4,000 acre site. The facility was acquired in 1985 by Chevron as a part of a merger with Gulf (‘Congratulations Premcor 100 Years,’ 2001). In February 1995, Chevron sold the Port Arthur plant wi...

PT Boma Bisma Indra (Persero) is a State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN) which has 3 divisional business units, one of the industrial machinery and equipment division (MPI) foundry unit located on Jl. Imam Bonjol No. 18 Bugul Lor, Pasuruan City, East Java. The in grown rapidly as company that focuses manufacturing produces products such Oil & Gas/ Refinery / Petrochemical Industries, Power plans, I...