Acidic rivers in Nova Scotia have low concentrations of Ca (calcium) and high concentrations of dissolved organic matter and total dissolved aluminum. Dissolved organic matter binds to aluminum to form organic aluminum complexes which are not toxic to Atlantic salmon. Increased H ion concentrations (acidity) coupled with the low concentrations of Ca have caused the mortality of salmon in Nova S...

This paper studies the formation of the large dark patterns, known as parr marks, that form on the Amago trout as it grows from the early larval stages to adulthood. The Amago trout, known as Oncorhynchus masou ishikawa, exhibits stripes during the early stages of development that in turn evolve (through reorientation and peak insertion) to form zigzag spot patterns as the fish grows to adultho...

The anadromous Atlantic salmon utilizes both fresh and salt water (FW and SW) habitats during its life cycle. The parr-smolt transformation (PST) is an important developmental transition from a FW adapted juvenile parr to a SW adapted smolt. Physiological changes in osmoregulatory tissues, particularly the gill, are key in maintaining effective ion regulation during PST. Changes are initiated p...

Aiming to re-evaluate current recommendations for nutrient supplementations when Atlantic salmon are fed diets based on plant ingredients, two regression experiments, with parr and post-smolt, were conducted. A control diet was included to evaluate if ingredients supplied sufficient nutrients without any added nutrient package (NP). The nutrient package consisted of vitamins B, C, E, minerals, ...

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rely on changes in photoperiod for the synchronization of the developmental events constituting the parr–smolt transformation. In the absence of photoperiod cues, parr–smolt transformation is incomplete, and such ‘pseudo-smolts’ normally fail to adapt to seawater. The present study addresses the endocrine and molecular mechanisms controlling the development of hypo...

Book review:
 Martin, BettyAnn, and Michelann Parr, eds. Writing Mothers: Narrative Acts of Care, Redemption, Transformation. Bradford, ON: Demeter P, 2020. 258 pages. ISBN 978-1-77258-223-9. Pbk. $34.95.

The synthetic pyrethroid pesticide cypermethrin, a known contaminant of tributaries supporting spawning salmonid fish, had a significant sublethal impact upon the pheromonal mediated endocrine system in mature male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr. Previous studies have demonstrated that ovulated female salmon release a priming pheromone in their urine (considered to be the F-type prostagl...

Polarization sensitivity (PS) in vertebrate vision is controversial, perhaps because its underlying mechanism has remained obscure. An issue that might have added to the controversy is that rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which have served as the primary model system for polarization-based orientation, lose their ability to orient relative to celestial polarized-light patterns when parr (f...

We study interactive proofs in the framework of real number complexity as introduced by Blum, Shub, and Smale. The ultimate goal is to give a Shamir like characterization of the real counterpart IPR of classical IP. Whereas classically Shamir’s result implies IP = PSPACE = PAT = PAR, in our framework a major difficulty arises from the fact that in contrast to Turing complexity theory the real n...

PCR for antigen receptor gene rearrangements (PARR) analysis is being increasingly used to assist diagnosis of canine lymphoma. In this study, PARR was carried out on consecutive samples received as part of routine diagnostic practice from 271 patients: 195 with lymphoid malignancies, 53 with reactive conditions and 23 with other neoplasms. Initially, published primer sets were used but later m...