We explored medical student's views and perceptions of a series of debates conducted during problem-based learning (PBL) practiced as a part of the Spiral curriculum at the Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. A series of debates were employed during PBL sessions for second-year female medical students, over the period 2014-2016. Each cohort of students was randomly split into ...

The "function debate" in the philosophy of biology and the "venom debate" in the science of toxinology are conceptually related. Venom systems are complex multifunctional traits that have evolved independently numerous times throughout the animal kingdom. No single concept of function, amongst those popularly defended, appears adequate to describe these systems in all their evolutionary context...

Parliamentary and Presidential Democracies: Which One is Best? With the exception of the United States, where a system of separation of executive and legislative powers exists, all countries that are considered to be stable democracies adopt a constitution that is, at least partially, parliamentary. A parliamentary constitution is characterized by the fusion of executive and legislative powers,...

The assumption underlying parliamentary libraries is that Members have a fundamental need for high-quality information services to support their decision-making processes. This assumption can be questioned. The historical importance of the parliamentary library is assessed as a necessary myth projecting the modernity of the parliament and the legitimacy of its decisions. The standard narrative ...

While practice-based master’s degrees are transformed into preparatory research proposals, right wing governments across Europe find enemies in artistic projects investigating a local or transnational colonial legacy, fluid gender identities. In this context, concepts that define not only artwork but also practice essential for directing the debate away from parliamentary binaries and toward ac...

Parliamentary procedure of the sort codified in Robert’s Rules of Order is a widely used system of rules for group decision making. Unfortunately, in many settings where parliamentary procedure is used, unfamiliarity with the rules inhibits participation, working against the aim of giving due consideration to each member’s opinion. This chapter describes a software interface that supports face-...

This article studies the effect of parliamentary involvement on security policy. Building on Democratic Peace Theory, it examines whether democracies with a parliamentary veto power are indeed less likely to participate in military interventions, than democracies without such a veto power, ceteris paribus. By studying patterns of participation across 25 to 35 countries in five military missions...

For most Marxian theorists Britain’s parliamentary system has little to do with the politics of democratic representation. Instead, parliament, as a formal institution, is argued to be inextricably tied to the wider, subtly constraining forces of “omnipresent capitalism”. Eric Hobsbawm, for example, has argued that by gradually institutionalising representation under the rubric of parliamentary...

The relationship between English Literature and Politics has, historically, been understated underexplored in academia. This article recognises the value of this relationship, significantly contributing to field through original research which explores political appropriation literature. Using politicians’ references George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four parliamentary debate as a precedent, show...