The activities of certain enzymes related to the carbon assimilation pathway in whole leaves, mesophyll cell extracts, and bundle sheath extracts of the C4 plant Panicum miliaceumn have been measured and compared on a chlorophyll basis. Enzymes of the Co dicarboxylic acid pathway-phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and NADP-malic dehydrogenase-were localized in mesophyll cells. Carbonic anhydrase w...

This paper presents new archaeobotanical data from the Lower Cerovačka Cave located in Dalmatia, Croatia. At site a high density of carbonized plant remains was recovered, indicating remnants burnt crop store dating to Late Bronze Age. Overall, assemblage is dominated by lentil (Lens culinaris) and free-threshing wheat (Triticum aestivum/durum), lesser extent, emmer dicoccum), einkorn monococcu...

The pottery vessels from the Mijiaya site reveal, to our knowledge, the first direct evidence of in situ beer making in China, based on the analyses of starch, phytolith, and chemical residues. Our data reveal a surprising beer recipe in which broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), Job's tears (Coix lacryma-jobi), and tubers were fermented together. The results indicate...

Millets are major food and feed sources in the developing world especially in the semiarid tropical regions of Africa and Asia. The most widely cultivated millets are pearl mil‐ let [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn], foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauvois], Japanese barnyard millet [Echinochloa esculneta (A. Braun) H. Scholz], Indian Barny...

Salinity is one of the most important constrain affecting crop growth and productivity. Hence studying salinity at morphological and biochemical point of view has become the basis for understanding salinity and plant interactions. Under stress, plants survive by enhancing the osmolyte accumulation by complex metabolic activities. Present investigation deals with the effect of salinity on growth...

The photochemical characteristics of mesophyll and bundle sheath chloroplasts isolated from the leaves of C4 species were investigated in Zea mays (NADP-ME type), Panicum miliaceum (NAD-ME type) and Panicum maximum (PEP-CK type) plants. The aim of this work was to gain information about selected photochemical properties of mesophyll and bundle sheath chloroplasts isolated from C4 plants grown i...