Quaternized palm kernel shell was successfully prepared by reacting with N-(3-chloro-2hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride in basic condition. Adsorption experiments of Reactive Red E (RRE) dye were carried out in single batch system studied at various initial concentration, contact time and pH at 25°C. It was found that at pH 4 quaternized palm kernel shell showed the highest dye removal p...

Abstract The peculiar characteristics of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) may have corresponding effects on polymer mono composites and hybrid when used as filler in matrices. This review paper relates (PKS), palm kernel shell-mono composites, shell terms identification, sampling, analysis. purpose was to establish the properties shells their documented by various researchers a one-stop-shop document fo...

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION: COMPOSITE OF GRAPHENE OXIDE BASED PALM KERNEL SHELL WASTE WITH Fe3O4. In this study, GO-Fe3O4 were fabricated by co-precipitation technique and the graphene oxide (GO) synthesized from an agricultural biomass, palm kernel shell, via Hummer’s method. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive Spectrum (FESEM-EDS), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT...

In this paper, we propose an efficient palmprint recognition scheme which has two features: 1) representation of palm images by two dimensional (2-D) wavelet subband coefficients and 2) recognition by a modular, personalized classification method based on Kernel Principal Component Analysis (Kernel PCA). Wavelet subband coefficients can effectively capture substantial palm features while keepin...

A study was conducted to evaluate the utilization of palm kernel (Elaeis guineensis) meal in broilers (n=360) at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 % either alone or in combination with enzymes (0.05%) made nine dietary treatments. The body weight gain and feed intake were not affected among different dietary treatment groups. The feed efficiency was not significantly affected during starter phase, but ...

Waste oil industry has a great potential use, as 77% oil yield are an untapped waste that still has a high economic value as a base for the oleochemical industry, one of which is β-carotene. The study was conducted to optimize the extraction of carotenoids from Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Palm Oil Mill Effluent waste (POME) conducted by column chromatography and extraction method with a single enz...

Biomass derived fuels are preferred as alternative fuels for IC engine due to its abundant availability and renewable nature. In the present work, the complete replacement of diesel fuel with bio-fuels is studied, where the bio-fuels, namely, methyl ester of palm kernel oil and eucalyptus oil were chosen and used as fuel in the form of blends. Various proportions of palm kernel oil and eucalypt...

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), which has received much interest in its use and further development for industrial applications, is a method that offers some advantages over conventional methods, especially for the palm oil industry. SC-CO₂ refers to supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) that uses carbon dioxide (CO₂) as a solvent which is a nontoxic, inexpensive, nonflammable, and nonpoll...

Palm pressed fiber (PPF) is a by-product from oil extraction of oil palm fruits. It has unique characteristics resulting from the combination of palm mesocarp fiber, kernel shell and crushed kernel. The present study on different extraction methods for PPF indicated that conventional hexane cold extraction would be the more preferable method compared to soxhlet and reflux method due to the yiel...