OBJECTIVE To establish cephalometric norms of a sample of aesthetically pleasing Pakistani faces and to analyze differences and similarities with accepted standards for Caucasians. STUDY DESIGN Analytical cross sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Carried out at Alvi Dental Hospital, Karachi, from August 2007 to February 2008. METHODOLOGY Cephalometric tracings were analyzed on a ...

AIM The aim of this study was to systematically describe the gender and ethnic differences regarding the prevalence of general/central obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia among the indigenous and immigrant Pakistani communities. METHODS The search engine used was PubMed, supplemented with regional data ...

Since 1945 there has been considerable regional variation in the problems facing the venereologist. Some figures from an inland industrial area may, therefore, be of general interest. In Birmingham there is a large immigrant population, mainly Carribean, but with a sprinkling of Indians and Pakistanis. The economic situation has been, on the whole, satisfactory, though some patients pay one vis...

Sero-prevalence of HIV was tested among 16,170 individuals. They included 215 patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STD), 77 I/V drug users, 21 commercial sex workers, 987 patients on haemodialysis, 119 subjects referred for HIV testing, 12,482 voluntary blood donors, 360 ante-natal attenders, 73 tuberculosis patients, 674 Pakistanis travelling abroad and 1162 persons who had received mu...

Background The vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene regulates insulin secretion from the pancreas and acts as a mediator of the immune response through vitamin D. Polymorphism in VDR causes alterations in the functioning of vitamin D, leading to type 1 diabetes (T1D) predisposition. The aim of the present study was to determine VDR gene polymorphism in association with T1D in Pakistanis. Methods The...