Evaluation of ECMWF ERA-40 temperature and wind in the lower tropical stratosphere since 1988 from past long-duration balloon measurements T. Christensen, B. M. Knudsen, J.-P. Pommereau, G. Letrenne, A. Hertzog, F. Vial, J. Ovarlez, and M. Piot Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark Service d’Aéronomie, IPSL/CNRS, Verrières-Le-Buisson, France Centre National d’Études Spatiales, To...

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the newly found chah?r t?qi of mileh milehgeh is one of the fire-temples of the sassanian era that was built, like other fire-temples of that time, with pieces of rock and plaster. this chah?r t?qi which is the remaining core of a larger building consists of four stone walls of different sizes surrounded by a round corridor. inside this fire-temple there is a raised platform for setting up fire...

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afghanistan is a land-locked country that depends on its neighboring countries to transit essential commodities. iran, for its proximity and access to the high seas, seems to have the most economical route to meet afghanistan’s needs. however, this country did not pursue such an economical route due to its western tendencies and its foreign policies which were completely different with iran’s. ...

parvin e'tesami is one of the famous outstanding persian poets of the constitutional era and also the reign of pahlavi i who composed her poems based on persian classical literature with moral contents and new political and social themes in the field of didactic literature. under the influence of european newfangled intellectuals, romanticism formed during 18th century and devided into dif...