Post-abortion care (PAC), an innovation for treating women with complications of unsafe abortion, has been introduced in public health systems around the world since the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD). This article analyzes the process of scaling-up two of the three key elements of the original PAC model: providing prompt clinical treatment to women with abor...

What are the implications for population health of the demographic trend toward increasing paternal age at conception (PAC) in modern societies? We propose that the effects of older PAC are likely to be broad and harmful in some domains of health but beneficial in others. Harmful effects of older PAC have received the most attention. Thus, for example, older PAC is associated with an increased ...

BACKGROUND We recently reported that a cranberry proanthocyanidin rich extract (C-PAC) induces autophagic cell death in apoptotic resistant esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) cells and necrosis in autophagy resistant cells. EAC is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates supporting development of improved preventive interventions. OBJECTIVE The current investigation sought to investig...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this trial was to determine whether Flotrac Vigileo™ (FV™) provides a reliable representation of the hemodynamic state of a cardiac surgical patient population when compared to pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) and echocardiography in the peril-operative period. DESIGN This was a prospective observational trial comparing perioperative hemodynamic states using transesophagea...

This article presents a theoretical framework for probably approximately correct (PAC) multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms Markov games. Using the idea of delayed Q-learning, this extends well-known Nash Q-learning algorithm to build new PAC MARL general-sum In addition guiding design provably algorithm, enables checking whether an arbitrary is PAC. Comparative numerical result...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of proanthocyanidin (PAC), a crosslinking agent, on the physical properties of a collagen hydrogel and the behavior of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) cultured in the scaffold. MATERIALS AND METHODS Viability of hPDLCs treated with PAC was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium b...

This paper reports on the development of hybrid water treatment technologies that take advantage of the attributes of activated carbon adsorption and Fenton oxidation through the development of novel hybrid process schemes: i) a continuous Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) – Fenton process using a dilute suspension of PAC in a well-mixed reactor vessel connected to a submerged ultrafiltration (UF...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) use and mortality in a large cohort of injured patients. We hypothesized that PAC use is associated with improved survival in critically injured trauma patients. DESIGN Retrospective database analysis. SETTING A total of 268 level 1 trauma centers from across the United States. PATIENTS A total of 53,312 patient...

In October 1998, the definition of a transfer in Medicare's hospital prospective payment system was expanded to include several post-acute care (PAC) providers in 10 high-volume PAC diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). In this methodological article, the authors respond to a congressional mandate to consider more DRGs in the definition. Empirical results support expansion to many more DRGs that are...

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is one of the most deadly malignant neoplasms, and the efficacy of conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy is far from satisfactory. Recent research studies have revealed that immunosuppression and inflammation are associated with oncogenesis, as well as tumor development, invasion, and metastasis in PAC. Thus, immunosuppression-related signaling, especially that inv...