Metal Binder Jetting emerged and it has been developing an additive manufacturing method. type, binder ratio, sintering process, atmosphere couldn’t be transparently determined due to its development stage. In this study, effect of temperature was investigated parts’ microstructure which manufactured by Additive Manufacturing. manufacturing, SS316L metal powder used as a raw material, ultraviol...

In the present work, six protic ionic liquid (PIL) compounds based on p-toluene sulfonic acid [PTSA] anion along with different cations viz. tetraethylenepentammonium [TEPA], triethylammonium [TEA], pyridinium [Py], N-methylpiperidinium [Pip], 1-methylimidazolium [Im], and N-methylpyrrolidinium [Pyrr] were synthesized using standard neutralization reaction method. The structural characterizatio...

This study aims to examine the operating pressure effect on manufacture of biodiesel from Palm Kernel Fatty Acid Distillate (PKFAD) by using para-Toluene Sulfonic (PTSA) catalyst. The pressures studied are vacuum 70 kPa, 80 90 and 100 which varied with PTSA concentrations 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, molar ratios methanol PKFAD 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1. Biodiesel production is carried out react...

sulfonic acid-based precursors (sap) play an important role in tailoring mesoporous silica’s and convert them to a solid acid catalyst with a bronsted-type nature. these kinds of solid acids contribute to sustainable and green chemistry by their heterogeneous, recyclable, and high efficiency features. therefore, knowing the properties and reactivity of saps can guide us to manufacture a sulfona...

a mild and green method has been developed for the preparation of coumarins derivatives through the one-pot reactions. in our study,various phenols and ethyl acetoacetate compound in which we used silica-supported boron sulfonic acid [sio2/b(so4h)3] as a new, highly efficient and tri-functional inorganic brønsted acid catalyst were processed under solvent-free condition and thermal. the catalys...

Inexpensive and readily available sulfonic acids, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and sulfuric acid are versatile and efficient catalysts for the peracetylation of a broad spectrum of carbohydrate substrates in good yield and in a practical time frame. Three appealing features in sulfonic acid-catalyzed acetylation of free sugars were explored including (1) suppression of furanosyl acetate formation fo...

This research aimed to investigate the protective effect of p-CA, a derivative phenolic acid, against toluene-induced oxidative damage. A total 32 Sprague-Dawley male rats, 8 in each group, were used. 4 groups formed as control, toluene, p-CA and toluene+p-CA. Animals control toluene group given 0.9 % NaCl, mg kg-1 b.w 100 orally for 21 days, respectively. The animals toluene+p-CA received 3 da...